ݼ


ȮС˵¼
ߣд
ͼԴ@
¼룺@
http://makeinu.weclub.info
ѧϰϽ˽Ųҵ;
24Сʱɾ鲻
ͼԴ¼롢УԵԱͶ
޸ĴıݣתرϢ


ѧҵĳΣžҵ£ɧְȴְףǸɴعûǮ򹤡ƽʱڼԵķ
ֱһ죬ڳеѹĸ֢ˡĸ׵ѹԴңԼҵɷӡ
ھӣ̷ĸףΪǡϽԼԱļͥγѵĳξҪټװһжãҪúҸְǮ򷿡
Ҫңĸ֢߳
ڣֻǸѧҵĴ塭

ձ־ݴ͡дƣϣƷůıʴУľɳ֢תۣԼͥѡձ־BOOK OF THE YEARıΪӾ磬ǹ㷺



ݼ



Ŀ

1  
2  ķܶ
3  תְ
4  ԭְ
5  ԭҪ
after hoursԭԹ۸




ch1.

Լʱ䵽ⲽأҲǲˡ
жͨͨѧУؿһ꣬һͨͨ˽ѧҵһͨͨĹ˾ϰ࣬漴;ȥμ½Ա޿γ̣˵ԱѧϰõĳڽС
ֳ񵶵ġָߡͷϰŰë߱ߺҲΪѵʾȻҪѧԱǸźһ顣ƲģֻҪָߡƳϾ˵Ļء
ţҲΪǲŴǣҪ֪ǰıӣ
ǷˡҶЦҲЦ
ͬڽ˾ļ˴졣
ðɣڼ䣬ǾԱݸȳѧԱ
˻㣬ȹΪһܵ޿γ̡
Ȼָߡڽѵһ߳衢ѵʱ
ڽ죬λ볲չ߷ˣҪˣ
뵱Ȼ⡸ָߡ޵棬ѧԱ֮ҲʹʧߡǿɲݼһźλָߡΪʦԼһҪصˡҪݼ׵ļˣ˿Ҳһµصͷ
ķ곡Ϸ
Լıй˵ףԵͬ
ǡⳡϷˡͱϴԵˣҲǻñϴԵˮ׼ˡȥĹǲء
εʱ˵ͷӦǻص˹˾ֲʵĸоȴûоʹ˻ظ
ʹ޵ѧԱΪѪˣֱ˾˺ӡ󣻹᳹ݼ᳹һɫ֮󣬷ЩϴԵ˸ռϷ磬ܿһϯ֮ء
һ߶ǡǴ֪֮Լһ½ԱϴԵģݼտģ˭Ϊ˾Ķأ˾ĶԪĻɻ󣬶ɻְס˲ȳҲݲǷݾ£ͱˡҪ졹ıǩ
ҪƤشֻεĻ͡

ﲻҸĵطҸվ㡣ҪˣҲŲּ޵Ĺ˾Ҳõˡ

˵Թļʮҹ˾УȴֻһҿĴϳε
ûĸ͵˴ǳʡȻ׳һˡ
ÿòɿĸֻܲҰɪԡ
֪ͷж𣿡
ϻ˵ֲǲȥҹΪҶδûй滮𣿡
ȷûй滮ֻ֮ԡ
ǣһϰ಻¾ʹְˣǸŷŴȥӡ
˼ΣûѴְ˵ú
ΪǼ乫˾ֵֹģ½Ա޸ڽ̾ۻᣬʦһѱһش衣ţҾ;Ǽҹ˾ܹ֣ȥ
ǶĪ޾鵱ЦԷҲݸһЦӦʮ𾢣δϻؼ֮ȴӵù˾˻ص
տʼнڶʮԲӦòݣþ޳ʮʮҲԡ
ǵһ乫˾ĹѾеڣ벻ô󣬹ᾹǱؽСûκʸ֤飬ֻһͨգְӲôҲҲ
ʱΪְ˻صԭ㣬ǵһǺ°ˡϸ룬ʵӴͿʼڴ̽ҵгĶˣϼͳµ˲ⲻ뻹ãһͷˡ
ȻѾͬǿЦܼǼ乫˾ȥ
ҹңһ죬ĸű˻صٰ˼ɵض˵
ΣҪҵò˳Խְȥ˵һ˵
һ֪϶Ǹ׽ġһǷţĸ״
£Ҹ￿ϰֹ˵ûżͺãٹܣ
һ̵˼ע⵽ĸһţȴҡΡ

װ׳Լüģֱ׳
״ʹαԵĿյʼЩְʱĹһǰĴҲõòˣ׬㻨ǮҲĸȻǱŸǮǱϾγԺϵĿ
Եӣ͸˳ظҪʡͷѵȵȣʣҲỹȥĸ׿ڣεȻỹûҪ
ϲһ˹ͣڲⲻҪϰֵѵξ͹Ѵ򹤵ʱϡѾڼҰ׳԰׺ˣҹߵƺҲ˳¡
ְȣʱɶˣ˿̴ְɣǶòˡ

С䣬һ¡
һĴҹ̵࣬ĵ곤˽ʣеͷȥ
Ʒ˵ʱҪŶԷУôҲ˵лл˵ʱҪģβϳ˻ǲԸ
ӡҲʼˡ
á
˵ţƷΧȹ̨ߡӵ곤ȻԹԵ˵
ҾޡΧȹϴɾû԰ɣ
ȵȣǣС䣬ͻȻ˵ɣôˣ
ȥǸޡ
곤ȫᣬ߽ԱϢң׾߳ſڡ
ؼʱصŵġ˯ûУܻһյơ
һţĸ״ͷ˹Żû˯
Ƚ°ѽ
ҡҰڡҡҰڡǰӷ֣ĸվŵʱܻôҡȥ
ţҽǸϢһ¡
Ƴӵüë˰Σ̱⣺
Ҳ˵ǮһǮ
ҹ
õģһȥԡٰҰõ¥
򹤵ĸװѷõ¥Լһڷԡѳ˹ϲڷԺ͸״۵СۡԴӴǵһݹǸѾһûۿԷ
װ˵̣ϲѾóߺȣһóοߡһǱΣԸһʼҲ˵Щ¶Ǻͺظ߼ҲõˡǷǺô˵ش𡸰ҲôˡҲǲžϲؽҲ֮Ļ
óܲˡ֪һú˵˵ĸѵʧ̬˵ǳһȱ㣬ҲƲסԭ֮һ



Ĵ߰Լ͵綯ߣƺĿռСǱδڡ
Ѳְż㹤ҲֻΪСɢնѡ
Լأĵи˵ȥɲ
ҲŶʮ꣬ҲŶʮ壬ᣬû⡣ֻûˣһ
򹤵һǮְĽǸмٵ
Լڴȥ̹һ֮ķʱλе죬ʱæŴ綯ߣ⺰緹ſھͺá
糣أ⴫¥ݵĽŲһ¥Ȼ̷ڵϵŲ¥ȥ
Ϸ¼ʹ򶷽Ӷó£˺þòǴ򿪷Ҫȡ
ɶ
ϰһ棬ˡ
Ҳĸ岻û緹ɡȻҧ룺ȻˣôҲ

ͣμڵзսչʱˡ
Ϸ˳֣ſһµʱҲûС
ͷſڡ
һŲ¥ݡ̷µʱֵϷִ
βⷹȣһСʱȥšϷŵȴ
ʲô˼
棬ȫĸɰ賴档
ٱϺһ㡭
ɿѾ̳ŵ飬߳Աֹ
ʱΣڴķĶ
һûˡ̷ֻ£ŲԶ롣ȵŲȫ¥ݣŵش򿪷š
Ȼڸճõһ롣λˡ
赽ʲô˼Ҳ˳ۣҲˬ
ĸһǸǿŵŮˣҲúܣȴ⼤ŭΡ
ιлֱ˵ˣ
κ¥ܣأͣ½Ų
׻ûлؼңڲԵȴǸ¡Ľ㡪ʸӡ
ǰʸӼ޵ݣһһңδҪĴڡ
㵹ǲˣʱֿ轲ˣ
ǼᶨȻͱ˵ȳǰѹȸС
Ͷǲǳʲô£Ҳʣ¥ʦ˲㡣Ͳǲǲ𣿡
㡭ôˣأ
ֲ㵣ġϰڿúܣҪʱ򻻵ݼ٣ϰֶĿ򹤿ɲͬ
ΪҽʦҵĳϱʸԼҲкüҽ֤գҽԺϵıƺĵ÷Ͽɡ
ҡҲû㣬Ҳְ
˵ԽԽҹˡͷ㹤׬ʱнְ¾͸һԣȵǮҸְһ¡Ŀڲܱϰ֣ץĻͽҧţҲ嵹ǻͦңڰ
УʸӳܲҡҪսƾ˵ܹס¡
ҲеȻȢŮˡθ㲻
㵽ΪʲôͻȻܻ
Ȼ˽ҽԺģҲСƻҽפء׼ĸ˲ϱң´ȥɲɡ
ʸȻ˵ǿ̫ĮȻһʱûص㣬˰βž
衭ˣ
ʸʾҵķûƵİأɳĸסţȴǰѽΣϴ˫֣ģ˭ҲóԾ
֮⣬ĸ׵Ŀл߶߶ʲô˵Ļ֮󣬳ֻë
ԲԲԲǽԲҪǲϰκСǶᱻ۵ĿƫƫɰԲ𡭡
ӵСϸţﻻ
ʸվߵĸǰ׹£뷽ŽȻͬ˵ţ
裬ҪˣһѹģǧҪòãӦŶ
˵ţĸ׵֣΢΢ʹعСָͷ
ǹˣ㲻ʳޡʱҪ뵽ࡡ
Ϊĸһëºʸӻصΰ
Ǽʱ
ųڣһɱ˲
Ҳءϰ־ˣҲ񻰡кܶҪ㣬ȥ¥Ͻ
ţʸӶĸ˵
裬Ҹȥ¥һģ¾ʱǡҪҪҰ㿪ӣ
ۼʸ˵ңӵһ˵
ҪҲ𿪵ƣڼǡ˼ҿΣա
㾹Ȼı飬Ⱳͷһο
áҲơ
ǣ¥ȥ߽ʸӵķ䡣Ȼޣĸ׻صʰ䣬ŮʱԹҹ
ʵһ¥иԵͷĿշ䣬ֻŮ˼ĸ˯ͬһ¥ŮǰĹ뷿²ùĸʵÿĵúܡ
λǵãʱĸ׷ԸԺʸǻסʱξ͵õһ¥Ŀͷȥ˯ǰˡ



һ㶼ûע⵽𣿡
ʸͷʡ

Ҫ˵ʵ㲻ûᱻĸľٶ
ֻվò̫ȣȥġ쿴棬岻ֻû뵽һͶ桭Ϊʲô
涼ŪģҾ͵ſ㼸ʱҪ¥裬벻һھǹСǷ𣿡
ص̾ʸӵüú
ϰҲãҲãǼҵô⸱ԣֲֻҡ
и
֢״ճʱҽԺǰɡߣȻͬסһµǡ
ʸӿɲʱζһǡ
迪ʼЩֵ绰Ҽˡ
ôַ
ʱض˵»鷳⻰ĪһΪʲôթƭ򷸷鷳ʹʰ֡Ǹϰ֡
֪ʲôʱʼʸӼáϰ֡ˡԼնգβϣܾó˾ˣδ£ʲô£
ʸӽ飬̳óε

裬֪ʲô˵ûֽҲҽò岻ǰʱʲô£˻Ầ˷Σ֮ġ
ʱ϶թƭйأͽѵ绰øϰҲϣֻ˵Լ˵û룬绰Ҳûټȥڶһ磬ҴָĿ˵ˣûʲô£ұġ̬ȸǰһȫͬѽ뵽ӵİ죬Ҽĵ绰¼ܹʮͨѶϢҴġǶ֪ҽԺϰ࣬ڼң

˵ʲô𡭡

඼û˵Ĭһ͹ҵЩͽ˭Ȼʡʸӣ𣿡ѡҽԺˣϹѧȻǸҽ
Ƕľ״ˣܴ
ûϹˣҲҶ϶˵˶֢״赱ʱǾáڼǡ뺦Ǽҡ˳ɾ֢ɡ
ϴ绰ϰ֣״ȥҽпֻ֢֢Ҳǹ㷺Խ֢ҪҽʦඨźáԣʱⷿӣΪסܾѹڡ
أǸͷȻһЦ֮˵ųûͰɹϹֽͺþãָ϶ÿ컹¡ϲгûƴʹȻ˵סﶼ᷸ëûпҽҵıҪ
˵ҶˣôҲ۲ϣ˵Ƕ¡

ҡЩ£ô֪

ѽǵǰһְ֮æӱܼͥҸ㣬ĲأҲйϵ

ҲҪҰ

ϻΨһıܷۣȴ˿һս£ѵÿģ㲻ˣⷿôˣһֱЩѹÿͰȫһԶ㲻֪ž۾ľο𣿶ԣ֪ô򹤵ӱܣֵͬһ¸־Ƶء

ӲҪҲͷϣҲ

סһΪʲôŷ費Ծʲôɣ˵Ȼȥ¥¿ǸӰһ졢ɵ

á

ҽΪϰ绰˵ÿһؼҾͿޣ˵ûɡôźã
Ҳûŵ绰־
֮ǰ˵ʲôƨʲôҲ۲ϡͷ˴绰ңʲô£ǰͽȥҽ²񻯵Ҳһ£ûõҷϣ
ҪϹԱߣһʹ죡֪ҵʱ÷𣿵һǰԼһ
ҽгϰȥ蹴ָͷҪŵȥѰ˵ܴҲûϵΪǻǣסһ˿־񲡻˵ʱĳŵǺҪġȻҸ˵ؼһˣ˳һЩҽԺϡ
ҵ绰֮ҷ˺ݵˤɭټĲߴžͱˤʮ

㡣
ʸ㽲һ䣬ӵʣ
һֱ˵гѹʲôѹ
ҵ죬Ȼ֪
һ˵ʸһڽűߵ˼¡
ǰס͸ѹѽס˿ʮɣһֱ۸
ôܣ
ֱ̳š
հʱֻǸ԰ĺӣǵΪԸڼҵ趼׽ڽϼ滹ẮѼ䡣Щôȥ۸ĸأ
ɼȷ¡ЩǻǵСȥ۸㣬㶼𣿶ͯʱһ𵽽ɨط񣬱С쵽ĺ͹ֻ֭õ֭ѡ
ǲǸպ𡭡
ô֪һָѵÿһζպȱ𣿸𷢵ĵĺӰŷѽУǵǴ¶Ӫ𣿡
˵Ǵ¶Ӫξӡˡλļ˴һຢȥҰӪִӪ󣬺Ǿ͵ɽȥ棬ʸӺͳ·
ʲô·ǱµģСߵһֱˣҲͣ·ĸǵһ£Ǹû˻ͷңҰݶֳĵطȦӣҸͿ
ûнֵƵɽҹø硣˱㳳ҪϢֱʸץŲţֻܱżߡ
ɫԽԽ谵Ҳˣٿ֡ҭҭأǵýźʹۣɽҹ¡
ҲΪʸǾ˵־ǰһ̻صӪһߵα˳Цǡ
ѽѽ˵ɽɢˣ׼ȥɽءƽͺá
κԥ˽ǰ̵ĻޣðűοʸֻǰһΧ£Ĵһ¡
ʸӴС춮£֪˲ҪȥɽӦøŶԣͽϴĺǲ˴˵ָʾŹƲǽܣͼʧٺȥǼңҲͿˡ
Ҫǽ˵γͶ֪ЩΪ顣
ء
ʸƺԹѾá
һβǷյػ𣿻ֳһϽˡ
ŶŪǸ
汿Ū֣ʱҲ̫ɺ˰ɣЩŴʹ۵Сɵģûֱ۸˻Ȼ˼ϲ֣͵ߡʵ͵յû뵽ƶʱҲ˲Żɻ֡
ԼǵǸ˵˧ϽǶǼʱصϵģ
ֵĵڶ죬˰ӽǼԺӡַʱȥϰϿΣԾֳ֤ʱûк֮ͽ򾯲˵ֳҪȻҲñˡ
ס˿ʮ꣬ûĲɹַھӣһʼáֱ⣬̫ˡ
ȻͯʱֻСèҲرֶѡһΣСèմƻ͵Ķ˵èëԿָĺۼһΣ˭˵èˣȥҽ֪Сèıü֮мһƤ
ˣԲԸն
ǡһΣҵǺܶɿҮ
ŶѽüƬء޲֪ˣ鶼øɰͰ͡
ö
ǰװ׵֬ء֪ǸĸͶǣֻ˵ллʹûؼҸȿ㵱ͳ¶ȥˣҾҥ˵̫̫ʳСԣҵСɿҲԵýζѹÿˡ
ǡǡ
Ϊʲô˼Ҫǡ
ֻóܵɡһⷿǰֹ˾µԱסլڽĵĴסլȽ۵ĸ߼ҵÿر߶ȴֻǼҸǳͷ⡪ռ˹ϵıˣ֪һӵĽΪգù˾£ԼԱŻݷ⡣˵ڶֵضκȼķӣ¸ͿסֹǵʣֱٲࡣºˣסһķӣԼýʮȴֻҪΪ˶ﲻ̹Ŀɴء
ǣ²ȥ˭֪
ԾҪǣڶˡǼҵĳϰ־Ʒ֮֪ġ
ڹ˾Сħ֮Ƶĸףһϧ̫Ⱦƣѿүү˵ע̰¡
֮ھӰһȥ¶֮ʲô˼Ҳ䣬ͷ˵ĽҲ֪ɵͰǼҵ۷ֺرھǣȵ̱ˣЩ岮ǰ̧ġбĳ̬𣿡ǸƷĹˣƸĵͷסƵĸ߼סլһת۾ͳȫ໹ֻأʱ˻ؼңߴŻҪӲŵ˼ұȵȣ̫ˡԼ˾ȫǵãµض˵赨СգҿɲͬҶýӦ꣬еȣĶԵÿͲСҲһġ
Ҳɵսȭͷ
ͻȻеһȭ֪ƷãҲ̫ס
ƽʱڳǸ׶˵̣ʲôհῴЦĸˡ
ǰɣǻᱻ˼˵ڳϰֵͷϣƫƫԼĳ̬һɶΪֻԼڱƳ̰ͼⷿϰءУԱסլɷòǶԼȫ𣿿ֻϰǮڳԺϣˢݶϡھ˵Ǽ̫ã˵ԼʲôԵÿ˼ҽ˻Ƥء
ЩΪʲôû߹ң
뵽ĸôãԼȴŵֺֺ֪ޡʸӵĻش죺
費˵ѽ˵лҵģȻûҲһ£סҲˡ
ξԼͷһǡ
Լ֪ЩӱŲְϰ࣬ÿ춼ɧ뱧ԹЩ߶ĳ̵곤һһ˵̵ĸףԼ˼ŲҴ߶ȥҹӡ
ôݵ£ĸ˽ʮ꣬ĿȣԼʲôʸԹѾڸв֪ˡ
СèʱĸױССʬ૿޵
Ҫڱ˼ͲԵôͷˡԲ𰡣㣬Բ𡣡
ʱĪΪҪô˵
˽Щ£סΪĸ׺ΣڶԲСèڡ
ҲԼô˽źСèȥ˱ϵƤ˶͡
ҪΪԲ㣬ܺھҲЩĴ
ȷӲýʣƷر֮෴أƽӹȫע⡪ҪǳһǸеʶˣ֪ϯҪƾ֪ҪԹУֳӶЦھǾӡ
һиΡһʼʹϷˣҪָ壿Ҳѹֽ
ʱ¥ش
ȥһ֡
ʸתҼ磬׼¥ֻعͷԳ˵
¥߿ҽҲúýģֻҵޣЩҲ
ҡ֪
ʸͷ¥ݣ˫ֲصվǰųһ˵
ǰұ£ôһǻһˣǿڸŮϡȾƣǰѽĴ̸Ϊֹ
ңһסŮǰҸ棬֮񷢳ѶţȻԼҲѿ
ֻʸһ˵޿ޡԣңĸ״¥



ڳεķڶӵĴϣȻͣҡΣ˫ҲһֱšƺûԼͣ¡
¥´ʸӵһŭȣ̲סܵ¥ݿǸױʾҪȺһ
ɲܹߺȾƱĵ飡ҽԺľʹˣҪҪרĵ㡣
ʸѹαŵ߻¥ϡ
䣬ĸüϸ֡
ʲô£衣
㡭ǣҵֺòãһ¾ͺá
Ҫˡ
Ἰʱĸ׵Ƹɿݳסĸ׵֣ǰסơ
ʱԸ˵ʱǣġȻȥ򹤻ʱͲˡ
ͷϱıְԸһְȻչüЦˡ
裬ָɸɴִֵġȥϴ̨û˪ĨһĨ
ſֵһ̣ӵı¶һЦȴֿʼҡ
˻˪Ҫص¥֮ǰ̽̽˵ʲôѪغͻ֮ʣΡûȾƵĸӦöҲϰɡһǹѧҵģϵ
ص䣬һ㻤˪Ϳĸ׵ϣĦҲƵࡣ⶯ƺӸаģҲЩ
ôţ֪˶ã¥´ʸӵŭ
͸˵Ҫҽΰ
裬ֺˣȥ
ſĸ׵֣첽¥
ôˣղŲǻúúõģ
˵߽ңȴʸһ˫ɱ˰񣨾ĿȷʵɱˣŸףתͷųκ
ҷٿڣ£û£
ʲô
趼ˣѵһ
Ե˵仰˲䣬κȻ
һӣӱŮӱȻĿ⡣ʸӴСˣÿûзκһûһ˿֮ʱоͻ¶һɸ֮·
½㣬Ҳǳͬɡʸ˵ô˵ĻضǶԵģǲɵģһ׷ʹ򣬰ѶֱƵͶ·ѧʱ˶ø߳ŭɤףĵصᡣأ
ŮԼǡԵȵĴˡ͸мˡ˵־Ʒһ㣬͹óһŮǰ̧ͷҪ˵޵ݣӳǰ
Ϊһ֮һڵ̬ȾƵʱһ˿׽ƺĵȴһͿҲ̫ʼᣬǻرŸסȴڽ죬ؿ˸׵ԭԭԽС
ʸӱƼ˾Ͷųŭȵĳһͷ¶ҪͷĺǿСûʸ潻֣һӮˣϳδԽźչ׵ϡ
ǰְ֣㲻ôûġڵѾǸϵ֣ƾվסŵƣŲ
ʲʲôûҵ£֣ҲҮҲ˽һ¡
Ǹԣ֮ǰҲû˽ʲôã
ӵڸ̨ףΪʲôˣѵ㻹Ϊ˳׵ϾܸڵĽƽƽضԻ
ʸǶ֮꣬ǱͻľСŮˡ
Ƶϣѿˡ
ʸӲٿˡŭڵȼ
֣㰡ǰûнȥƣҴ߹㼸Σһֱᣬ״Ż񻯳α鱿öء
ɡɡԽֻẦԼԽơ
Ͼһûô
ôˣÿϰ׬ǮңԼ𣿡
ԣŶһԴĸоɵ۾
Լ˵ס
㻹治֪Լʲô
ݱˣʸӵڱûסˡҪǽڳԻһգڣŭͻԡ
ãҾͰ״Ϊ趮ýӦ꣬Եã֪ôҾ֪Ϊͷ£˼ӣ
ʸӴЦݲƽһغˡ
㣡
ηԵȥ㣬ȴƿ
ţ·ˮ㣬ʸһǶʮȫһһ䣬ֻǸ˳ء
죡סڣ
һǰܱԡֻƾɤʸӳĬ
۷ʸӵļ⿺ʤһ
˵˵ȥֻ֪ԼҸô࣬㻹²ɼ˵ר鷳ûһѽ
˵ͷˣֽǵֻǰڿˣʵûǸ˼ģǲǣ֣
ٿڣ
ײͬʸӵıǲɡλӦʸ˵
ҾҪ˵ұλҺüǰͽǰңҲ˵Ϊ롣豻ھ۸£Ҷ㽲ٴΣԼƤ֪֪ھӶ㣬ӵͦ˵ԸᵽĶȥһġ䷿ӲϰᣬеǮ̰ʲôˣиǮԻڳԺԼңһ񶼲ϾˣʲôȨܹ˾ԱסլŻѽ֪ԼⶰƷӸȫĴЦѽ
һ޿ƵȻվֱۡ
֣ԣ
һ֣Ǿġˣ
ȻʸӲҲܣӰȻվڸǰ
εֹҲ
һʵʵʸӵʱͷ͵ƫȥ
ȻתͷӸʱȫȻʤ顣
෴أ˵ĳһάŭݣȴȫ顣
ͷͲӼˣֻԼԼԼԼԼͺãԼͺáҲҸΣǲҲáãӾСͺ࣬ʮ޶ãǲǣҲ°ڴϵ˾ͻްɣĵһи˵鷳һýû¾鷳ԴҶұ汧Ǹҿɲڱ͹ԹԱ죬ȻС鷳

㵱Ȣʲô

һ䣬ʸӷ·ǻŭΪ֮𶯡
⡭㣬⻰Ҳ˵̫ƫˡָҪû飬Ͳ˰
žֻ֣ǲһ޿תȴûϵԼĻȻĺ
ʸӵķӦ̫ˡ۾¸Ҳǡ
ΪʸӷޡС
ûźãαذӡҪܼ޸áˣҸʲôҪǵóأһ˵Ĵʮھ۸ľƣʲôأΪԼܣһоԸ⻨ʮһȴΪ䷿Ӷϣ
Ҫ
Ȼһһתͷԭ¥ˡǽڣȻҡš
Сģ˼ڼǡÿ춼ڼǼңǲԴȫҶ˶ˡΣհ
˵˿ٴ죬ȴΪ⽹Ѽջ˾㡣
ĨȥᣬʸץϵļʮСӣһԶһȥ
ҽԺᡣصѡǳ׶Ĵϸһ¡ʵ㲻ǲܸ㶮ֻǲԸ㶮ˡпѧͲݵģûԸȱݵ⡣
˵꣬ʸߵĸԣ
裬ģҲڼ㡣
ǡȥĶʱڿҰֳȥʱҲǣҲһֱ衣
ţָ֪оģû¡
ʸһ氲οĸףһ潫Էе㯣Լ䡣룬˿̵ĸӦòκˣֻһ˾һɡ
㣬һҷȥ˯ˣл
֪
ʸӻشʱѾΪˡ
ôıŤ㻹游̴ʸӵⷬٶиоһ˿飬ȴ֪Դ˽ĸܷᡣ
صңԸ˵
֡㻹̴Ү
Լ𣿶һ١
׻شʱҲûһۡ䵭ѼĶУη·Լ鲻ʱ˵ٴλȻ
һֿ˵ɼʸӵֻǲϳϰˡΰжӳŸԼӰӣû˵ʲô¥ȥˡ



ڷһʸ¥ˡ
ô϶ַЩֲˡ
ǵȻ
֪أܾԼð︸˵һ˵顣
Ⱳӿ»ͷһؿޡûô
ȷʸӴӶ¿ʼǰᵽԺҲٳڳСʱӡУһֱǸֻҧС
ʸӿ԰Ȼ¸׵һƣȴ̲סΪĸ׵ʹޣɷԼĴڡһΪסΪɷַʽָԼӣг֮󣬿֪
ĸкܶȱ㣬ǵϰ֣һˡ
ã컹ΪԼȱءЩֲᣬϣ֪ԼЩ¡
ʸӶԸ׵ķŭǺϾСͿ˽ַھӵĶж״
㣬ҪҪһ£Ȼ׵úŶ
ҪƫҪŮԷ֮ǰ͸Ҳϵɡ
۰ֳͷͱĻ湻ݵġβͬ
֪ǲڵܵܵıпʲôʸӳһɣ
ҿɸ㣬ɽ׸ıƣΪϰֻʹ˸ıԡǸһһΪǣڿȥҽҲͬҵġԺչξޡ
ҡ֪
ĸǰڳ˵ľٶξúܲȻҲ˾
ͻȥҽǼУҪͷǿڱ
ǡȥŵõںܶ˵֢Ӧôųɡ
˵һӣζԴ˻е
һ֮ǰѾҽԺתﵥǰҺúˡ֢˼ĸҲǲӡ
ٿǸϰ֣벻һءʸӷ޷޵



һ°඼Ǵ糵ͨڣĳƽʱûá
ҽԺ·ϣһС
϶ڼӼеһһ˼ȥҽԺ
֪ȥԺ˼һ˵лģʱֻ鷳
Ьӣصĵ̨ǲۿԤԼʱͿ쵽ˣ̲ס˵
ֹû㲻ȥҽŻȫ鷳
ʸӻĵȰţŭĿ֪˵Ͻ졣
裬ҽģûʲô鷳岻ãôܲȥҽأ֪˼岻ûҪ˵лЩ˲ûأǱǾͺˡҲֻ˵˵ֲܶôҲ˴򽻵
˵˵ϳʻʸڸʻں˿ʱ䣬ǿü
ʸӿǰѹԳε
Ժ׼ҽ֢ҪеġҼΡ
Ҿ
Լ֪Ƚ֮ͬᣬֻ˶Σٰѡġּ

ʸӿеλһʽۺҽԺ¥¥ǽıɫһֿʽաҽԺƺˡ
ʸӴߵ¥ϲȣһšҰƵǰϵԲģɰĸоԶӡĿͿʱȵȡ
ã䣬תġ
ʸӶԹҺŹ̨Ļʿ˵ţһʾ¡װȫǷ۲ɫӴһĿĹҶֲӦû߷ɵġ
һСɳĲ˶صͷȴкšŵλӣĸһ¡
Ÿ£ֿʼ֣αץš룬ٰͿЩ˪ɡ
ֻʮңͽеӵĺ롣ܶ˴ĸ߽ңһ͵ҽʦҽʦ򵥵ӵ֢״ǳ
õģ鷳
ҽʦʸʾʸӱԳ˵
Σ赽ӴǱߵĻʿһЩ顣ãϻص
εȻܾܾհ֮ٻصңҽʦſʼ˵
֮ǰѾ̸ĸ׵ĲҪڳѹɵģ⣬Ҳڸڣԡܹ뿪ڵĻ
ҽһѵġ֮ǰ˵ģҸ׶Ծ񲡷ǳ¡ԹҪ˵ΪһӲҪĿͬ⡣
ڵ״ǣ
ʵҽʦɫصط
ض
ȣѵбĲεһ
ص״̬
֢״֪л֡
ھѣڣֻĹ㷺Խ֢Ѿչܺڡ
㷺ԡ
һֿ־֢߿־ΪҲ̶ġĸ׵״Ŀ־ӦǳھദܴɵġֻĴ޺ˣּɥʧϰȵأ֢״ӡһֱԼ겻ңʱĶ֣ǲͣڶ֫壻֡֡Ҳ֢״֮һֽ׶ΣΪȵͳ֢״Ҳֲ
εú𣿡
μеʵҰҽʦ˵üᶨ
ֻҪܰʱҩǺܸߵġһҪ൱ģ˼˵ַ֧ǳҪ
Щ֧֣
ȣҩƷĹҪ𡣳˼ලǷȷʵҩ֮⣬ҲҪûôҩԡַָʽҩУͱȽϷ㡣
ҰҽʦóһܽǺизСӡںʱȻһĿȻ
ҩСһ
ҽʦ˵һáùҩעд
֢״Ը֮󣬺ܶ໼߻ֹͣҩʹ񻯣ԼһҪҩУҩ¶ǲЧҩЧǰЩܸеġθһҪͣѹͲҩԵĻÿηҩԱ߿ţò͵͵ҩ
ҰҽʦʱʸӸʼûҵҽԺҲоƣԶԣЩǻ֪ʶ˿ӦóҪ
ҽʦ˵һ׶εҩпܳһ²żЧʱ־һɥ
Ƕôĥ˵Ĳ
УҩļҲܻҩһ᲻ӻߵ״ͨȿ֮ŽʽӣЩߵĲ񻯡һǣǽ͸úðʣĸ»᲻еأ
һ㣬ֻͬסĳοԻش
¶ҲֻͨǳճƵĲɫⶼáϴ·ɨˣûʲô⡣
ô¶ԲǸҪעһ㣬ʱػشȷʲôʲôźʱҪָʾҪش㡻áڵûѡжϵԣһ˼Ǹ
ԭˡǼΪû˶ҪɫϹͶӶ룬ת޵ͷϣȴľ񸺵
ҽĸڼ֮ѰĴ壬ѼûľСһ£¼˲Ҫ
ʸȻ˵Ұҽʦˣͷ˵
Ȼˣǻ°ɡѾճ֮һӲõ·Ҫ״ҪʱǵϢ
ʸҪ飬øҰҽʦһ㶡
߲ѵְ
ֻĸ׵һǸԽûҽͲǲˡ
ʸԳƵЦЦҰҽʦһȻʣ
ǲб
ʸӵպףҽʦġʸһЦԼе˵
ֻҸ׵İܱĸӦûһˣǰɣ
ҲûҲûС
Ҳ˳壬Ұҽʦչüͷ
ôҾͿ顣Եһ¡

ѺҩѣʸŸˡ
裬ǳԻòãþûȫһԷˡֳɵʳ䷹ɡ
¾䣬ΰ룬ԺҲС
Ƶ˗ص׼ʱ⴫һ춯صкԭסں̡ʸӵ˵˰ѹڵɿ͸ǳԵġ
ѽѽⲻʸôܻ
ǰҸҽԺ˼Ϣ죬Ի
ڵ֪ھӵĺڰĻ󣬳ξʸӴ˿̵ĿЦݸֲҼϽĵʲôģǿǻд̡
ס찡
ҡ
ࡣҽʦݼôûңҲὲ𣿡
ݼٽҾͻȥҹҵģҲҺþûϢˣصҶżء
ʸӺ̺ǺǺǵӶЦ̫ˡŮ֡
ôϢأǲǱ򵽡
ޣ˵ǲ׵ú
ʸգװյı顣
һﻼߺǰи˻ҽԺܲʹƮȭߣȥﻤʿѹסֽţͱУ⸱ҽԺϰ඼Ҫˣ׳ǲÿһһȥ鷳ǰӸæ꣬ͽҸɴݼ죬ˡ
ѽѽôôù
ӦţȴԳֶʵ顣ȻʸҲǹô˵ġ
ˣǲǳܣ
̽һʣӼͷһθϽ³ɺŽݣЬӷŻ֮ԼغúţŽƷӳϰ
ڼ䣬ʸӵЦ̸Բϴ
ࡣǵģĶҲ̫ˡ԰Ұ־ǰҶ죬ǳһҵһ˾ͽҰҽԺĹǵǳһ١
ѽĽǸŮءˡ
˸ûȤ̾Ϳ첽ߵˡ
㣬ֲ
һᶫһ˵ʱʸѾȴαЦݣᷳı顣
ӦС۵̫ţһϹ𣿡
ʸݵƺҲһĻʱһ
֪ˣǰ͸òһеܻˡ
̫ǿˣ㣬ܵġ
䲻ʣȴҲ֪ҽʦҵϱòɡǸˣ̳ҽԺ֮ǰƾԼһ仰׼ҪԱݼٻؼҡʸһܻݣǽ˵ͷвȵóʱ䡣
ѹͷĺڣʸĿεһۡ
һҪ谴ʱҩǿԡӽĹһȥ֮ǰҪϰߡ
˵꣬ʸ̻˸ʵı飬ȥ
裬ҶˡԷɡ
ڿɳҡΣԺϸϸشһҲáϽ

ߵһؼҵĳһ˰˵̤š
ǲܼӰġһǲʸӴ档
֡ŶǲͲ㣬Ҫȿأ
һ߽ʸĺ
ϵĻѹҲԱˡʸڳһλֻҪ̧ͷһͻῴǰߺ׵աĳͷ
֣ϲԼɣҸһģ㳢
˵ţʸʳ
֣Ӵס
̽ԱڳһСﵹӴסǴ˺۵ͻȻһŵûһ
ǶҡͣڶӶ档һߡ
òڼ䣬ʸʼտʣϵرģڳһҲΪ˸ܵѹһ쾹ÿղɻȱá׵ĿһֱӱʸӵбĳҲó
Ҳ˸˵ĶӺʸӿˡ
Σȥʰ
󡣽˳ɴóæʰʱ򣬽и׵ȥ
ãҪһ¡
δóȫµҩС
裬
ڱﵹÿˮͬͺҩһõĸǰҡҡӣǲԸǰҩУһСڿˮ¡
֣һ¡
ʸӽлһƺһľװ£ߵʸڵȥ
ʰ֮䣬ǱߵĶ
ʸƺڱҽľ
֪Ƿüʵʵһ˰ϴ꣬ĸȥϴ֮ԼҲҡ

顣
㣬θ˴ұʵһ̡
һӹŷȡ顣
ͷӦü˸Ұҽʦ˵Ĺ㷺Խ֢ضǡ
ڲҶ˵˰ɡˡ
һǵͷ֮ʸӽһдעıֽݸһ
ֻ֣ҪעЩ¾ͺáҩͶڻ£óθУⵥϵҪע⡣
κҪã
һʵʸȻش
Ҫ׼ûǲõġҪǰϾҽˣڽҲ޲
ȹȣһɴ۾ҲϾӦʸӵĳˡȻˡΪĳΣʱˡ
Ϊҽһûô򵥵ġϾԭ򣬹ҩȴı价˭֪Ҫ϶ʱ䡣
ܰҡģɡ
·ᷢʸӾô˶̸



ʸӻҵݣһ۾͹ˡ
ڶܣĸȥҰǶ˸ܻһεڡֽ׶ֻܿҩﻺ֢״ƵҲû壬סԺֻ»ӵѹ
Ůڼҵʱ䣬һֹͣãװҪϴʱҲǵŮָʾضҪõϴϴȥ
ҪݵǰһʸӰѵܵܽеԼķ
Ѿʰ׵ķ˰ٵعţгҲ¡ǹȣҲ
ȻץһƱڵϣȻΡ
۰
ýʵֽŵȫΪ³һԲ
ҽҩѾܽаֳһмãǵǮʱЩȥӦǸõġ
ЩǮǽ𣿡
ôܡҿڣȻԸ⣬ôҪΪǮһǰġ
ڹֵӰɣ뵽һ㣬һȡ
׼˵ʸ˶ø֪
ǸװͰ͵Ľ㡪֣ҲŮȴǸµĺӣֿĵطΪ롢Ϊ룬ĸܹҸ˵ҪңͿǿǰɡǰĸ׾ͿԹöôɰ
Ǯ㱣ܣҪʱáûûϵ
á
˫ֽ£ξȥһµлͷ
ȥºɡ
ˣȽϺá
һҲһȥһС
Ҳԡðɡ
˵ţʸЦЦյ㲻ˡ
ʲô¾֪ͨҡ

糿һűֽڶȴѽʸӵһһ
ȵҪϰʱʸӵıӰ˵Բ𣬴㡹˯µʸתȻһЦ
ҲŲʲôأһġ
ӻҵһǳ֮ʸڸǰһֱڳ޽ٵ̬ȣʵȫûԭ¸׵˼ⷬķ֮Զ׼ġ
˵ˣʸֻΪĸܸܵһԲգżԸ׿ݵġ
㲻ԭ
͵ķߣʵʸҧ˾ƺֻͣʨӡ
ڱ
֮⣬Ѿˡ룬һ·һֱڷֵĸ׵ʹ࣬ҲΪ׻ա
ɱԭ
ȥϴʱʸѹ˵
һֻԼɱԭҪǶֻһһʧˡΪԼܶǮȴԸΪңߡ
ڸԸĸװⶰ֮ǰ¶ԭ¸ˡ
ݡллݳˡ
ŵȻǰ˵ڵлǣʸûдǻ

ѽ͵ºĸ׻ؼңּеĵ绰¼һͨԡ
ߵ൱ӡһĳ̵곤
乫ڱְôˣ˾ΧȹҲͻ˰ɡ鷳ˡ
ˤ绰һ졣Բꡣ
ӳ£ȫ¡ȻΧȹϴˡ
Ȼ쿪˳Ǿٿһ;ȥˡĸʵ
裬Ҫٳȥ£Ҫʲô𣿡
Ҳá
Ӵ򿪱ڲ
Щʲôء
ҡҡλΡҡҡλΡ
žôţй塣
ȻЩЩ
ʵӦҪĸ׾Ĳɫζûи
á򼦵ţ̸ȣҲС
ȵȣҳ
д֮󣬳ת߳ء

һε곤̰ڳı顣
ְˣ˾ĶҲû뿴㸸ĸǳʲôԡܲˡ
뿴㸸ĸʲôԡ
ŵ곤ļ뵽ȴҡҡλεĲ̬Ӱ
˼ֻǼ˺ܶ¡
ҪھͲˡ
곤ͷ֣α㽫װΧȹֽݳȥͣ
֪ܲٹһΡ
ɶ
곤ɫˡ
ʱ˵˾ˣڻ˵⻰ЦѾҵȱˡˣ¶
˵˵Ҳǡ
뿴㸸ĸʲôԡһͣڳεдתϣлöԷջ仰ֻǡ

ҹȻ̫֪ߵغˡ
Ǳ̴ŵĳΣͷɥ



ch2.ķܶ

ӵĶڻﵽʱʸ뿪һº
ҩĸòԣЧ֣ӵ֢״ȶٶ˵ҪѰˡֻʵĴֺҡûиơ
ǳεĹأɹƷ͸Ҳɳȥȡ
ʸӶֻؼõʼʮ˺䗱Ĳ˵ǳεҪôĸ׵ˣֻҽǿǵĸ٣ʸṩĲȽ鶼ƫ嵭ζģ⣬ԲߵĳҲֻǿܡ
żһ̽ӻͨʱ
ҽ˵ĿǰȶҩͺãֻǼҪгս衣

׶Ҳǹĸ׵İɡβŸô롪
ˣǰϣҿҲֻڲȡͬˡ
һ˺ͬĵĻӵֻѪϳ塣
ŲɣҪ˽ĻȥҽҩĻڵĽչ
ҲǣԼ޸ҽŻСĻȫʸֲҽȴǸӡΪ˭
侲侲侲Ҫ侲λˡû壬ֺ˾ơƴԼ
㲻ҽǸҰҽʦǰɣ˵ĲˣѵĻҲ𣿡
һ޻˵
֣ϰ࣬ȥҽԺһξ֪ˡҰҽʦǶ˺ܶ࣬ῴʲô˱Ƚϣ֪״жˡĲһκ˶һۿ˹ֵֹġ
¡ûɴ򣬶ڼ׳԰וչӦõġ
˵ţһѱֽԼĸ
Ρ
ͷȥֻӿȵǽߣҡεø
˪Ϳ˪òã
á
վĸһ߽ҡ
Ѿ̺õޱϣӵͿĨ˪
Σֳܡ˻ֵĹ
ûֻˡ
̲סȴȻڡʸӺ͸ҰҽʦӵʱӦƽ͵Ȱ˵ֱӵط񶨡
Ÿո׵̣ĸ׵룬емܲסӵĲֻǵõҩƣʵϣǺķ粨ֻš
Բ𡣲ûиֳܡֻĶѡ
˵ţβݲݵͿ껤˪ҲƵػصԼȥ



򿪵ԣѰŲѶ
Ҫⶰӡһ㣬ҰҽʦҲᵽҲףĿǰ˵ҩЧֻǿƽľѹѡ
ҪܵѹҽʦȻӵѹҪԴסӡ
ضΡйŵĶҪǧ򰡡
ʮסԲĶ󷿣ҪӦʵгסլ׾ܵͷӦġ
ڸдҳϣһ㡣
ͷڿԲս𣬳븸ޣѡϴ
¸ԼԲ
ҵÿҹˡ
չյĳΣǶʮꡣǵһݹǰ¡µĿհףôҲˡ
һóߡһרΪһԲʻһԼĴнʻ
Ƚ֮£ԼĻͷֻٵÿʮԲΰͷǮԴӴǵһ֮ʻֻ
һǮС
öʮˣֱܶõĽһ˵нȻ¶æչĸף˵ûʲôɡ
ðɣ
г壬üֵش֣Ȼӡ

Ŀ꣺ְ
ǮǰĿ꣺һԲ

ӡ³A4ֽЩΪ顣ô㣬СѧĿƵء
ѿܣԼ˵ǱҪġֽ׿ǽϣξԼ˸ɾ



ٻʱҩˡ
ۼ¶Ұҽʦһȵͣ
ġҩһʼҪԸúЧȷʺ֮󣬾ͻӼĵؼá
Ƕ˫־ԽԽ죬αһֱı
İɣ衣Ҳô˵𣿡
˴˻ӺͱȽϲˡ
˿Զġ
βҴǡԼᾡȴ֤ҲôӵĲ飬һ̸ܲͲ̸
κͻ״Ҳе绰ѯʱرǻֻ߳þʱϵҽԺ
õġ
ؼʱ˳ȥˡνľеȫ£ֵ鱨һҵ鱨־
ĸĿתؿԼβ˼ЦЦ
úһְУҲҸְ
˻һЦ𿪣
ΡúùҲ˵ġ
ζپζӳ¡
ֱڣĸ׻ǰѸ׷еһλ
ͷڿԲһϲΣƫͳԵʱڣǰǰϼƾͻĿѷ⣬һͥԣԲҲٱ׼ļ۸
뵽׾ΪóǮ̲סеŭ
ÿһУһͬУȴûʹԸԳһĹ۵㲻ûӦøлءʵҪܰǮң˵ӻˡ
ҲһǲӣֻûΪѡ
˵öԡһѰͨԺͰ顪Ϊ˹˵ϸġֻͽ͡



ӵĻһְԶڰ죬ξȥ·̵ҹʱͶ벻
мġ
֣籨һ£Ҫҵ档
ĳϣιô˵һֻ赭дӦһŶȴϾͽϵıֽ˹ɼá
ţǰƭޡЩ⾭͸нթƭɷݾӶࡣ
šˣְԶǰ죬һҸϵļְȥ
Ҳãڼû£ŪְԸ˵ҲǼӷ֡
ڼû¡ڼչ裬ѵû˵Ա˻󣬵ǿŭ
Ҵһ򹤴ǵڶչ裬Ҳûôʱ䡣״ȶˣҲڼңȥ򹤣Ҳ¡УмҪ㡭
ţʲô£
ͺ˯ǰҪҩҪ֮ǰע⡣
ʲô⡣
𣿳ǰŰɡӽһУ֪׸ֻǸĴˣһ飬ֻöԻ뽩֡
ҪԼҩøȥŶرҩò

ǾͰˡ
ìͷβٶඣ̣øˣСƢ



һְֻ¾ʹְֻ֮мЪԵĴ򹤣˵ĹóԽܵϿ
Ϊʲôôʹǵһݹ
Ϊʲôûһְ
δҵµְ
ΪǼҹ˾ĻûӦ
ֻǼҪҵ룬Բ˼ְʱĹпյʱְϵڡ

Ǹ⣬ûҪҵڻ𣿡֮
пǣһĳţһر˻˳򶼲

Ŀ꣺ְ
ǮǰĿ꣺һԲ

ǽϵĿ꣬˺
һְʱܴ죬򹤵˳úܡҲóܿϰˣõóϡ£ʻѾʮˡŴĿֵԼóԾ
֮⣬صͬ´׳ϵĴϴ֣ʻ̸²ѣȴʮˬʶǹҲ졣
СֵܣȥҸɵʱαôģ
ֹģǱ߶нȴҲ֮ˣС£ƺǺټġδһʱصȺѾ൱ʶˡ
ûˣ¼ҪǮһ㡣
ôסԺ𣿡
ûУǡ֢𣿡
ι٣ҲҵһĲ԰ɣ
ԶԶԣĲء
ѽǿɲˡҪСźġ
ֱο֮ʣۿΪ֮һȣϽôװһѣϾ޷ֹסˮεͷͣеĲӣⷬԻͬȫΧ˹⼮͹ôˡ
ҰֲֶҲȥ˽⣬˵ǸŻҲȥҽԺϡ
รְֲԡŮ˵ĸԱУǵȻİôԲúöԴء
ɫڵ⼮˱˵ʼ硣
ֲ
ҲȰҰ֣˵Ҳҷϡ˵Ļ

һĳεı
ٽСӳԲֿ࣬ȴܴ£һй˾Ҫõģ
˵йТ˳ˣûҪǸ㱣֤
ιûϲұ֤ва
֪˭µĲۣ˺ȻЦ
չ֮ȥԴҪȥͣ
ı˴ƺ﹤شϰߣһĳεıǵ־ִҪĵվˡ˼ᶨļ£δһᡢˮɳص˹λ



֣жҩ𣿡
ÿףζôʣһǲͷػش֪óβ׷ȥ
ǻڹʵģûҪô̬ȶԴ
ʸڼҵʱ򣬼ջ֣ȴǽˡ
Σֺúý
ӲֻһôԳƫƫһ죬θպ͸ֽôҲʲǿ
԰ɣ
Ը׵Ĳһӿ
ûпҩΪ㣬ﻹ˵ҽҩǵ£޹ϰæһţ
ġ
¶ɫ
ְ־Ǹԡ˵Ҳûá
Ҿ͸ΪʲôһҪؽҳ࣬ҪǸԣҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɣҪʱ
غ꣬ξͳ˼šʱ򣬵ȥʱģڼҸĳӦʱԱǲϣְΣŪ˼ʹϵʱ뵥˿ȥѶҪ˼˼ǵġ
ʱĸףִͷɥҡ˰ɡ
Բ𡭡⸱Ը鷳Բ𡭡
ǣдĲ
Ҫ֪£֪ҪƢ뵽ξ;ü
軹ҩԳԣȴֻ֪̬ܰȡֻˣչ˲˵ѹҲǻۻġҲѹҪйҲ޿κΰɣֲǾˡ
Ȼڳҩ֮ܲǰ񻯰ɣ԰ϣӦò°ɣ
ߵԶĳ̣Ƕվſ˼־Żؼҡ
һŶҷƢζĸ׷ƢҪԼʧ̬Ҫһʱ䡣



ĳһ죬¹ؼңһߵӭӡʱ䣬һӦѾ˯˲ǡ
ιһ¡
ôôû˯
һ顣
вõԤУЬܡ費ҵĵġ
֪ĸ׷ʱһĻǰ
ɳϣǰǰҡͣУ˵ĻһҲʱһ
ͬǣֲű
ߵǰ׹£ֱ볶׾ӵİӣؽ⿪
ϣ˵ļʮѪۡ
˿ڻѪ
Ҳܲˡ
ôģ
Ÿ״ŵ˰벽
Ǳȸտʼʱ𣿲ҽҶóԲΪûаҩӦʺģҪгãܱģϸĶҶţϸ˯ǰ㸺ⲻǽõΪʲô
ҡҶС
еĻͲ㵽ôģ
ÿ춼нȥҩ
һʵгȴֱ׳غ𣬼óηԵȭͷһҲԵؾ
͡͡
һȭҪǴȥϰֻܴۣ߳ŭ̡Ҫ裬͸ûлˡ
㡢ң
ӻȭͷһȻֺҲ֪ĴƣǾطˡ
ζԸ׵Ѿ˶㡣ʱ˿ؿˣ
ΣҪԼҪôģֻʧˡ費ٻȥֻ鷳
˵⻰ʱӵ飬·һ硣
ҲԲ㣬ϴΡϴΡϴΡϴΡϴΣ֣ûдȴҪͣ
ħ㣬ͶһǹͷתԼˡ
ЩΪ̫صȫĲϡ
ΪҩͿԳѹΪһṹѹƾ޾ݵģξ϶һ̫ƽ
طȭͷһŸŷֱۡ
ȰЩ˿ڵ½ɡôʼģ
˵ţߵ£һҲԼλϡŸȻװģǿװ򶨣˿̵ĳηÿɱ
ԼҲһԼһΪǣһӱࡣ
һ˵ҹͷӲڴˡΪȥϲȴ˺ܾûǵȥ
ϴǰšԲ𡹣ϵ굶Լ֡
Ϊʲôϴ绰ңֻõģ
Ҳϰ࣬ôܽΪ˼ܻ

һװͰ͵ػش𣬵֪û˵ʵҲ̫ѷˡ
öӷԼʧְ뱻𱸡˹ؼܻ֣ᷢһһ
ô˵ϰʱˣҲ֪ͨǰɣ
ôƣ⻰һıҲˡ
ߵӵǰ°ѱ˻ȥڴѧμӵţһЩȴʩ˿ȸ֡
裬Ӧǵģ˵㻰𣿡
Բ𡭡Բ𡭡
ʹɣҲҪ˵ԲǶܰɣ
ֻ룬Ҫٸ鷳
Ҫɱˣǲ鷳ֻᱻָָ㣬˵ű㲻Ӱ졣
˵ʩѹԲԣڵĳҲȷֻӼ˺ۼˣͳΨһʩ㡣
ǵҽԺӰ졣
ô죬Σ費Ҫǡ
;ԲѰˡһҪӦҡֻҪžͺãžͿǵþˡһŬٶ㷢ƢģҲҪŬ£òã
ԲҲٷˡԲ𡣡
ȥҰҽʦɡ
һҰҽ֣ͣǸ̸Ŀڡ
ҲȥҰҽ
Ϊʲô
Ҫ֪£һ
ҰҽʦŲءҪǲȥǻԽġһȥ
˽ۣΰĸ״ԷȰȥ˯ӵĽŲ鸡Թ߽ɻش̡
ɺˣβŻصȥ
ܸö˰ɣҩȥǲеġԺ㲻׼͵ˡ֣ҲϣҺúһݹӲģҲ͵ô絽ҪҲȥˣְ˳
֪Ҫһֱͣ
֪ƨǲ֪ŻݱһɱɹҪô죿
һ㲻ٻ죬Ҳٱˡ
ҩ
Ȼƭ˵гԣ˳Ƕ˰ɣ
ڵûǸжҲûǸģڸҶҰҽҩһǲʲôط
ֱͺˡ
Ѿ˯ˣ𣬾Ҳñʵġ
ֲרңõͷͷǵʸһ
һֿʼӲˡΣѾûĳ嶯ֻƽתͷԸ˵
֣Ҫܾɱɹˣʱô;һ¡ɱˣ˾˻ôأ˼һ˵ôûעأһǼﲻҷǴ򹤵ģûô򵥰ɣ˾»ôأȻϣǻͬ㣬Ǳô˵ɹܲšн˵Щ⡣ҪǲˣھǴҲٸɫˣһƣ۸˵ĶжһʹˣԣҲǸΣΪЩ£ǻ䱾ذìͷָŶ̫̫ϹòŶˡ˵ûأǸðæ˰ɣ
һ¶⣬ιһһһҲٻ죬ʼҩ

һ߹ĳҵЩҩӳοʼҹǰʼƺûйԹԷͺ˯ǰҩǳһͣһݡǲʱͣҩӡҩʱҽԺҩţοóͷʣһҲ²µóĸôҩġ
Ҵ绰㡣
Ҫ֪ͨʸӣ
һǲڡǾ֡
ٴҲٰɡ
һôҪʹУϵҩòóԣ޷жϡ㽻ֻҪ£ҹҲԴ绰
˵ţβʸӵĵ绰롣
ʮң˽ˡ
Σ
ʸӡ˯⡣
ôˣ
ɱδ졣
˵ʲô
Ȼʸӵ˯ʱɢˡ
ģ
ڼǰҹģмʮ˿ڣŷֵġˣȥ˯ˡ
ô£ҽ˵ҩʺ״𣿡
ǸҰԣϴ򹤣ͽаֶͺ˯ǰҩֻýģûԿԡ
Ϊ˹ƽξʵ
ҳƢҲסΪгҩػӦò£û뵽ҸһÿʰûжҩͰڳףһ֮Բܣ԰ҲͷüպܲͰѴȫԼȥˡҶԹֵĻȫԼĴ
ŭĳĬôš񣬽˿̵϶Դ̵ֹͣ
Һڵ绰Ҫ潲һָƣϹѪӡ
ʸѹ˵Ľָ䡣
ڲţɼ״أҾ͵㵽Ϊֹѵ绰øϰ֡
֣Ҫ㽲
һ¶ı飬Ҳ޿Ӷ㣬ֻӹεֻ
Ҳ绰ͷǶô𱬵

Ҳ˵ǳڿսҪ𣿶ڻɲǸһѣתҪţµģںȶˣȴ㺦Ҫͷǰ඼׷ûнҪۿҩȥûУһˣĿˣô򵥵¶Ҫɱˣô죿Ҫ򹤡Ҫ¹ڼһ˾ͺ𣿣ԣ

ץŵ绰һȫûлءֻһ̳⡣
Ъ˹ؽУҲȥ
˵꣬͹ҵ˵绰ӵĿƵ顣
ҲȥҽԺ
ȻذֻӻظΣһĪΪ˲ļơ



һļ٣Ұ
߽ҽԺʱһԵšѾ·ҲѾϰգֻΪЩǲԸҰҽʦ
˼ûҺţΪ衭
̵˵ǰһ¿ʼĩҺŴĻʿСš
Եһ£Ϊǰš
ĵ绰УʸӱʾҪͣҩûгҩ˿̵ӾһʱһȫǴ־ҡ壬ֹ¶쳣Ľǡ
ʿ֪ͨǿȾ˱ȴеϹȻ䡣
Ұҽʦμĳһ⣬ŶЦ
裬ˡ
ǡ˼鷳ˡ
Ҫڡʹɣ
ǡ
ԣ´βޡҪǴұ֤ݵŮҲҪԼŶûҲѹġ
á
ҽʦö׶˵ڽһ¶ŵı顣ӵĲȻصҪҽԺ붼û
֮ǰҩôԵأ
ϸ硭гԡ
£ͽôֻ࣬ð䡣
ΪһῴȥֻҪԣҲҪ򹤣ͺ˯ǰҩҰָע⡣˵òҰֻûʵȷǷҩȥˡ
Ƕǰ£
Լǰ
ţҰҽʦתӡ
裬ôͺ˯ǰҩôԵأ
ǸҲ̫ҩԸоһʱͲӵİʱҳҩʱûУҲ˵
Ҫ˵ҵĴ𣿡
һҰҽʦ㳯ƳһۣȻºͣȴʮ
䲮鷳㰲𣿡
ΥרҵȨһֻѿر졣
ҩһҪʱûЧˡһûһٵسԣǾ͸û壬ʱ޷صĺôһֻÿסԺ
˵̾
ԲԺԹԳҩģǧҪסԺ
ΪʲôסԺ
Ҳ롭˷ֿܵչ˺ӵİ֡ҪǱھ֪֡
ãǾͲסԺɡԵأҲһҪҩޡ͵ͷһ°ɡ
ʿǰ߳ҡ
ע⵽ʲô״
ദʱûʲôرֻ֮żҰ֡УҾסڸıơ
λӣŬȷ
Щ֮ǰеҲ˵ֲǻʱʱģ룬Щ״ӦöͨķΧ֮ڡǣڼʱˣҲЩطûע⵽ʱ鲻ãҲ跢Ƣ룬Ҳγѹ
䲮ͷһء
Ұҽʦתһ˵һӦһǡ
Ҹղ͵ģһҩãڰ׳ˡ໼߻֢״֮ͣҩһͣҩͶˡΪ˱ٷ飬Ҫҩȥ߿ļβܣ˱磬İ١
ҽʦʹá硹һʣóһɫ
ݸ˿İɡοɲʡʱҰҽʦʵ
ϵҩأ
ûԡ
úܶԡ
ʸӵָʾȻȷ
ʣµЩҩȫӵɡҵµˡ
ҽ衭
ţƺٷֻǵھ˵ѡڼὲĻ𣿡
ҸҰͻʱǽǱٳ±
ڻ˵ԼߵĶ˼ӣ˵ҪΣһ𣿡
ˡ
ĻѾٴ룬ֻǲķΧˣɼ֮ǰҩȷʺҴµһΣλҪȷʵҩ״ͣҩǷֻʹҩʧЧҲʹǰƳɹʧôͷ
ʱĳһǸ֮⡣ɷδͬҽʦ˵ʵҲԼõ˵۹⽫ˡ
ϵ˿ڡдܺǿԴ¥ԭǶȥǾ˿ڣС֡
ڳһĺͷ߳ҵһ̣ηָͣ˽Ųԭء
֪׻ῴںһȺȴкŵĻ֮䣬ӵģǶô쳣
ĸ׻ӣ񴬷ҡŵţȫͣ˫ͣ֡
Ĳˣֻһ

ҽܵưˣҩ뿪ҽԺ
ͨڵ糵վѳһ³֮󣬳δӼʻ̽ͷȥıӰ˵
֣ҽҪ򹤡ǵҪϺ˯ǰҩŶ
֪
һûͷԾɲͷӦ߽˳վڡ



ô°
֪Ӻʱ𣬹صϢʱ˳¿ˮµʱ䡣ͬǱϾ곤ḻö࣬ҴҲеƢгԵСϵܱ͸ʶ֪ĸ˶
һĻ⵱Ȼӵɱδ졣Ǽҳ󣬵ξãЩƽ˷˵ڣЩʶ˵İҪɶˡ
Һûĳ¡
ιιι컹ܳҿ㻹ǻؼĺá
ãҳǰѾȷʵҰֽӹˣղҲ˵绰ȥȷҰжҩЩ˺ۻڣҰֿ£ҲǸһνѵֻ
̾˿һڣ͹ֳڹòȵİѹ
ûõĵطҲܶࡣ֪вҼǶƢ뵽Ұ־ͻ󣬾йŵһȥҽҮ֮ǰۿҪɱҲϰæ޸ˣʵڡÿ
šҿϰָ㲻¡
Ȼ£ʲô
￴һˣҩҲֺֻ䵭
ǲǣĸҶҪͣ㲻ҲԼϰ֡
ҲǣֲнƢúܡ

ʾǸЦͬ±֣Ȼ˵
ܸӣǰɣȻֵͻװͦȥϰ࣬ɼݼӢϰ
㲻ݼӢҲ֪
ѧôãͻûԱӡ
ŶҲǡ
һְĹ˾ڹض˵˲֪˲ҵĹһΪԼһħţԼĹȷʵܵ϶
˵ָЩȴһͨ㣬Ǿ͡
û࣬һͬһ
ֵ飬ǶٲµóȻûʲôԣֻ񡣡
Ŷ
Ǿ˵ʲôԽԽ档
͵ˣµﶼе£Լ㲻һֱڱ䣬ԽԽ㲻״˺񶼲һƵأֻѽڣͽŵҪֻǶǿӦġ
˵ţ¿ڴȡж绰ץŵҡҡһǵŮģͷСżԭȫĳСèװĵط
Ҫ˵ʲô·ʲôģľͲˡǽĲֻ֪ð˵Ӳֻ֪վֹ塣ʱ룬絽Ǽʱô࣬ôһӶôǲĶû취ӻҪֻӾӣ޹صЩ͵ûˡǰܱϽʲô뻹֪ô£ڳЩʲôITϢһҲֻȥתӣͷȫĪϢ֡ѽڸкֲܿġһķ˵Ĵ£ЩϱעҪڹ
ǰɡǷ׷׵ͷǡǴҲƵľ顣
ǣЩûģҲֻĵķݣȻô죿ǲ˸ĪĹֲŮҽ־˵ЩûĹֵֻյȫգôǾôŰɣҪǣǾɣ㲻״Ҳûϵ֪ô£ǵܱҪñЩЩϼһԼ©ʲôʲôһ飬ɾȫǵĴˡСΪǰʵֻǲҳǣϰ־Ͳͬˡ
廻˸
ôѧѧб£˰Ʒٲ
ͿֲѵҸԭ𣿡
̲סüͷ˿Ц
᲻µĵط
˼ǣǿ˵ԼûԽûǸڰ
ذǻ
ô飬ôĹ˾ϰ࣬ǸʲôĵȻŽС
λȻʼˡ
ܸӣҲǸʣǰҲûӴɣһ㲻ɶȴֲҳԼû¸㶮ǣûѧʣԹ˽ľͺá
˵ľʱ׵̬ҲԸǵ˵׿ǲԸܣ޷ܼ˾һԼ޷ʵܺŮɲԤԣӱ̬ܵ£ųⲢܾκЭ
֢Ǹ˵ĽڡʸӲûǸרҵ֪ʶ
һ϶ĽȴӦŮľ档
֮ȫվסŵŮڽ룬һȴϹԹİţҲΪķŭ
׵ǸŮİרҵ֪ʶŪӻֵ̿ӣܾʸӣΪ쳣ӶԼ
һֻ֪ǵ˵⡣ӣΪʲôʸҪֵԼͷ
ԣʸǿӲ˿ǵʱʧˡ
㲻СҲ᲻ΪȻ
ࡡ
ȫţβرͷա
ûΪʲôô˳֣
Щ£ǶãڵⳡͥΣҪΪ
һУֻø˽ĸ׵״ҪӣԵĻߡ
ȻʵһǽһžĺȴǲòʸѰֻ澡ʧ˵ʸӶЩĻ޵ݡ
ȻʸȻǺ覴õġĸһͬ˵Ķ۸ۼײԸĸķŭҲпԭ
ڳԼֻ޷ΪǵͣһëͷСӡ
ϰָ㲻ûıŶ
Ϊʲôڵϣͷͬ¡һȻͬȴͬһˡ
һȥҽԺˣ԰ɣ
ԡ
顢ǿȨȻҽרҵ֪ʶϰֵľῴԼСŮñԼôƴҲûãǿиɵĻëСѾͷ
ֻҪʸӰڳ븸ƽƽԽڸ׵ļƣһƾԽԡҲΪʲôŭӱʸӡ
ǣʼնţŮ档
ҽԺҽûˣǿǲ۲۵רҡҽҮûһ˸ҸҽģҽĻҪǳʶûʶ˲ŸҲҽĻȥҽԺˣ֮ǰһֱӱܵʵ벻Ҳˣԡ
ԡ
Ұֵųв
ô¡͵ͷ
ŪԼӦҲŵˣҽĻ֪ĲŻԹԶҩȥ
㲻ùһֹ̬ȡ
ҲɣҲôͻҲֲô˼ʮ꣬ôʵ֪ġǻɣ;ôۣ㲻ûԱ
ϰֿǿޡǿˣʱӦץϾС
˵ľأ
׷ʱ׼صλϡǽթЦ
͸ѻľһñӰɡ



ñӡ
Ҳ˵ҪЩ˻˵Ļ
չĹ;η˼⡣
صңؿšԴӿʼҹܻ֮Ϊ׼ҹҲΪϸģֿϰԸǲϳĸ˲ɡ
ӱóҹʱηֱһű
EXCELɵ⻹ӡš  ҩ¼ϵÿһ춼ֳ硢硢˯ǰ˯гһǩ·עע

ලӷҩǩ

ǳһŹյʱġϽȷʵ硣
֡
β̾
ɱԭһֻԼ
ľڶǲɵҪж
ұλʲôϵأֻҪԸѼ˰ڵڶληԭءȻһԸᣬҲֻΪôʽֶԼ˵İˡ
óֻ㷢һѶ
ҸչؼҡһȥҽԺҩˡаķҩϸ˯ǰĸǩ
ͺҹͽ΢¯ԵĲʳĳ档
հͽس˾ģʽֻʸӵĻѶԴ֮ŶǶŰɡаʡǷδ򿪼Ѷ
͸պöѣض࿴
ʸӵķ񡣳βɵÿЦ



ÿ춼ڰ˵ǰ𴲡Ϊ϶ӣӳͳһ֮Ÿһͣ˳ҲԶҩ
һʱֻгһ˷ݵ㡣
ף裬أ
Ҹһˡҹ࣬˵˯һ㣬Ϊҳ𴲡
ϿȥϵһѾгһǩ
Ҳҩˡ
óġűҲŪģеСء
ϵıοЦҽ˵һ˿ھҲ°̺ۡҲܴŶˡ
ֱϣԶ˲õϸϸ̡
ŲСȫǡҪһôáҪлл֡һҲˡ
ֻ˵ڶ죬ѡ˸ʱ𴲡

ˣҾ͸һ԰ɡ
Լλ£ӱȥʢζʱ򣬳װһ˵
֣ллļ¼ġԼҲеԣû뵽Ҫ
ֻϰʱġ
һûǰıֽȴ͸¶˿̵ĺ顣
㻹Ҫ򹤣
šнߣҵҲӦصǰȴ
ְأ
Ȼˡ
ӵнӹ룬οЦ
ڣǸͲ̫˳ˡ
Ǳĩã
ţ԰
Ҫѻľһظñӡ
һǿˣñӲֻҪҪòźۼ
֣Ҹᣬָһºòã
һ˱ֽοθϽװĵı飬׺ʮ
Ѿ֪У
Сû취
˵ţһֽֽ̯˿
ţо
ʱͷ룬ԴʸӼ̤˳һ֮󣬾ûΪֲʲôӵְֽɣӦΪ׵ϡ
ΣҲæҪԡ
ĸӴӦֻٸ¡
ٲ졣СҪ£ҸĸҪ˭
ܺãϹˣ
˼
͵͵˸ȭƣʼװǸΣһͷԼζ
ӵ裬ȻԱˣҩҲһ԰ɡ
һȥ룬ó͵ҩ
ӵһˮɷнӹҩ¡һĿתţڱļǩ
ûҲҪ͵ҩҲԼǵãҾͿ˯ˬˡ
ֻ̽Եٷһε벻Ϲˡ
˵ֻڼңҪҺúöšҲÿ϶ǵü飬һô˯Ͳ񻰡һûҩҪ£֮;Ҫԡ

ϳӦֹʼ硣
һźҡҡλΡݵ߻سǰ
Σ㲻Ҫ
ղŵĲ֮ĽһҲġ
Ǿͺá
һӵҡƺҲСЩ



һжôѶӵһ£ݼصг𴲱ɿ
ι㲻ҪҹҽпŶ
ʮѳΣ˵ҲǳڶԶӵĹͬʱҲʾδ˾ȫĺøС
Լ벻жû̸ˡ˸֮󣬳ξͲϲĸڰѷԼСǱͼҲԽԽû
Ǽϴ׵ķʸӡŮû˴ǶԷѻ飬ÿͬԷʱһĻŮһĻеԣ˵ģ˵ǱۣܽסһеҲֻʸӣͳ˼߳Ļģʽ
Ķ̸̫ңڳܡʱӲûбֳģΪֻʸӿʼʱʴȷȥϴ֮ġڸŮı̨ӳôһëսȻƽϢ
ϵʸĽɫҪܾýҵһƥҰǿֿ£ɼڵʱȴȶġۺûʸһֱҵÿһԱʸҲϣʵԸ׵ľĽѷڶĸ׵ģҲΪˣżֲԭ³һ
еͻȻתΪ壬Ǵʸڳδĵһ޿ʼ̼ǵʱŸ׺͵ܵУҪǺúչĸס
ѹ֡
Σڼ˲áǶԸףΪûоΪһ֮Ρ
ʸһֱֵĸ׵ʹ࣬Զ磬ŮԴӴ˰˵Ķ⣬ȴðĸһǶôǣҶǵ¡
˵һҲΪŮ볲еįУΨһĶӺͼһҲܣ˵˿ĵĻ⣬ȴСӲ¾ʹ˹鷳¶׵ܲʧŭ
㲻ˣԼôģȴΪͥϵ񻯵Ĵ߻
ԳһԣѰоԼǸҪĸס
֪˼򵥣Ƕһ̹ԡ
ãҳ극͡
¥ʱѱ˻صҿ
˵꣬һ϶ӵķš

¥ǰ˿ǩűѽһܣֻǩΣ඼Ǹǩġһȶȡ
ǩΣ˻ûʳӵһ͵Ĺϵ
ԴӷǵͶһɲĲɫȵ˿ެɳʳضǰ׷ڵֻ˳Щɫⷽ˼ƺδָżˮȹɳ˸ݫ֮ĵҲ벻
ʸӵİĸṩ䗱ϵľ彨飬ֻϣˣͲȥΪˣıǴӻÿ춼Ҫȥˡ
ΪǲסЩʲôɡгԭΪճϰߣҲһַ䶯ҲǸˡ
ʸ֪ô˵
˵˷ѣڵĳεø䣬ڽѲʵʳӵҲҸĸ׶ིʲô˼
ʱҲŪɶζ롣׶ûԹˣҲ˼
ѿ˵ͳ꣬Ÿշ¿ӣһҴ
Աˣ
һȻһֱڵŶӰѷꡣǼҪƽģ˵ЦҲǺЦ
ҪʰꡪǰǳԱƨˡʱ߹Ҫʰ
ȥֽ
ҲƤһΣתȥ

ⱻ˻صһû˵ȫ񻰡
ֶûúд
дֱͳ󰡣Ҫдô⡣
ֳûϵûд˼ǿóġһ;ûģǺҽ
ҲԴӱʼ
β׳Լһۡ
Ϊɰ˼Ҳõģ˼ҿʱӡ󡣱ʼĵһӡʲôҺľ͸̸ˡһĹѧҵˣȻǣ˼ҵһ̭㡣
ָͿĨĺۼһ˵
Ⱳܸҹ˾Ψһȥд
α˱죺
Ǿд˼ˡ
ǿհٶ෢Ҳǰ״˼ֻ֪ǹ񡣡
޷ϡٳҲְĽȷ̬
һ⣬ùٸͶİɣ
ָóͷһŲʣ
ô֪
Լߡ۸ԵµĲ̫ˣһǴŷóװȥУӦдòͳȫרΪĳһҹ˾дġ
һһ䡸赽ز
ҵ谲
Ǿ͸͵ϣ
һǾòӣһˡ
ܵģĸʶְϽСӻʲô̬ʲô죬һ۾ַֻܿǱȱͷҹ˾ĿеΨһѡ񡣡
ǣҲܻûԾ͡Ҫȥļҹ˾ϰ಻ɰְֶģԴΪȿԷӦҲ֪ɡ
Ϊʲôѡ˼ҵĹ˾Ҫиֵɣ˵չֲˣǺαعãԭȻ˵ͱ˵İһȽϣ϶չȳ˻ȵõԻᡣҪд
˵ţһһ˺롣
ҵԣûͶͶǼңҵõŹ֡
ֽŵ˺̶ֻǴġԽеη
һһţ̾Ҳظùġ漴ͷȥ
иԴɣ
⡭ȻС
־ĸĵĿɲŶ
ֱ˵ˡ
дüЩҲԣ˵Ϊʲô乫˾ӦĶͺãݺظҲνڹ˾ҵվͿLѶⲻó𣿡
ãξͱͷ
Ʋ⾭Ҳѿ
ͷϷڿʼǲڡ
һݹֻ¾ʹְô͵ģ
һʱ̬ȣֱܡ
͡սȥѵʱ͸оڽգûӦ˾Ļ
ӵĻش𣬳һüͷǰ˵
Ҫ㣬иԭһҪء
һڿˮ漴һ
ǾǡԲǰһ乫˾Ļڴҵл̬㵱ɿ֮šˡȴҼֵСӣʲôʸһʵӪЧĹ˾
ⷬѵ⻹
ҪôŶ
ԭǹ˾ķ޷ӦҪԭԼĶԲҷʡΪԼӦøѧȥͺŬͿˡ
Ǽҹ˾ԱѵԾǾٰ޿γ̵Ĺ˾⣻ӦԼĴΪ˱޷Ӧǳһֱеĸ룬Ҳ֪벢˵ͬÿʱξǶú𾢣ΪԷҲô롣
ţµλ˽ڡҪһ㡣
á
⹤ôźŶ
ԴǵһݹĴ¿ʼ·ϼְҹĵһΪֹмнһľֻˡְּ
ıЩ㲻ǵ𣿡
ˡǼġǲˡ
ٰ㾭ֹĹĿдһ¡
˵׶ȷʣ
ұʹΪʲôǴ򹤣Ƿ񲻿ְҸôش𣿡
һҲһ
ҵȻԸҲְֻǳٳ޷Ϊ˷ֵĿÿʱ򹤡ɡ
ΪʲôʡԲд򹤾
ܲ㡣
̾һ˼
ֻش볢ԲͬĹԻܶ๤ش֮󣬶ԷܻܿЩӡ̵ĹЩѧʲôҪ˵˵ĹһȰѴ׼һ㡣һִ𰸣ȻҲһСϡĸס
һᣬ
˵ĸ֢ұ븺չʸӴ绰˵費Ծʱ𣬵Ҳˣô˵Ҳĸ˯߲ʱҾȶְҾͼ縺Ρ
ҪϸڣҸô˵أ
ΪǸϰ񻯣ȴһֱûкתű֢ƳЧ𽥿л˸׸ҷֵΣҹְͬʱҲְĻᣬӽԺΪ˼Ҫ湤ҲԣֻǺϡ
˵һͷ˼
ּͥأеӸ鷳еȴΪиТ˳ŵ㣬һҪˡʹҪԱصĹ˵ͻˢʱҪǿĸ׵ĲѾȶ
εĶзֹ˾ĴҵҲŲ
ѧҵһĿհףûǰҵ
ҹְܳôãſԲúøУҲ֤ȷʵķʡֻ˵˵ѡ˵˼һôжϡ
𡭡
ڴѧμӵţ彡һҲǸء
֮־Ըר־ԸЩĿһŪøʵˡ
лл֣ҾʹͷһΡ
α˵ʰϵȴһ¶ֹı顣
ôˣ
ʡ
Ҫڱ־Ĺ˾Ȧҿõĵطҿ԰㿴ǼʲôĹ˾
˵ʱһߣԽԽȷ·ݣ
һĲ˳Ҹȥ˵һ˵ҲС
ͬһλᾭ϶Ǹ׶¡
˼ǣȴķС
ǳһķʽΪӲġ
šǲʱ˵ɡ
˶¥ĳΣ㽫Щ˼ȫ˺



ࡣΣֵĸñӴˣ
ֵϢʱģķóͷ˼
Ҳ֪㲻ǴñӾˡְ¡
ѽǸð̣ϰֵˡ
ţҾ룬ֻװװӶѣ
ΰѴŴ׵ָͷȫ£ץץͷ
һСģҰˣҺöණģҰȷʵˢӣܲҲ֪ʲô㲻ֻȥ߶ѡ
Ȼ˼ǺٺһЦ
ҹķʽѵһ٣ݺݵҡ
˻һǻһɫһ˵
㲻ͿҪ뿪ˡ
ʱɾ
һһģǵЦݵеϼ޻ζ
ûûУҲŸ¶ĶѡһҪ鷳ǹһӣΪҴҪ浽һԲôͰҵҪְա
˿飬ֻĬĬļͱ˼¡
Ҳԣҵְ͵øϵĴˡ
ϵԤ֪Ƿݼį뵽ξۿ΢ʪ



ch3.תְ

šܲء
ְһǲμӹҵġHello WorkְǲμӴԴ˾ٰŻζμӹҵĻظȴǧƪһɵġ¼á
һô¾ʹְأ
ҪԼûӦ˾ķڻҶԲĹϵ
ǳǰͷȱġϧҪһ꣬дÿһ㣬Ҳ̫˼ֻᵱǲܳԿ͵Ĳݮ塣
Hello WorkְԱ˵ֱ̫ף²ؼ̬ȣóõͱ
ͻǿڵڶӦ¼ȡֻ֤ҲûУĹࡡҪҵȻ䷽档ҵʱĴã⣬ҵͨӦҵڶӦҲպá
ˡǿҵպáְԱҪ̫̫һͷµȴǾװĿܡ
ôʹITصĲҵ
ζԵСоװʡ
޾ɵŰҲܼҡ˵ǲ޾飬Ҳо顢֤յȥӦЩ˵Ȼ¼ȡеɡ
ŶҲǡ
ǰҪгθ̸һšҸ㽲ȥҷ߶ϯ̣Ϊ뵽ĸס
ܲԾʱʱȴźĳҩ˵ھҽƵҲƲкľˣΧȹͻʱ곤һ䡸뿴㸸ĸʲôԡοɲκֻȥָˡ
ڻλ곤ʵǸˣ֪ڱҳ̹Ҳֻ֪Ǯ㣬ȴԸͷ𣬶Ҳ䷳׻׻̻壬ֻǵʱĳԾ裬ԲϽܵ곤ɴӻؼҡ
ӱԼóָܵϡ
ңҵؿһ껹Ŀ˽ѧϰ¾ʹǵֺһ룬ڼҸŻĸ׵״ûв
Σĸ׵һһ˺ۣʲôõģ
ʹһڸ׵İȴ޷дԼһҳѿѧ
ڣƾרԱ˵Ҳֻ˶ְߵĲغͷ̬֪·϶ˣվ˵⣬ֲ˵ĳγ
¶Ǹ̹ˡԱְ߲ûУԾӶࣩȻվʹߵĹ۵ȥ˺ûκκôΪԷȲܴӹ̨߳ԼȨΪˣиķԸʧҵʿԿΪǲˣʹ·Hello Work
϶ǲÿ˶͡ȻһζҲϳν̡벻̡̹ͷˣһɶûиݵǰĳС
ŶϺ㿪Үȥ¿һòãѧҲ̫˵㡣
ְԱȻݲݽ᰸£εҲ׼֪˵ĸĸû˵ίĵԼ㹷ۿ˵ͣΪ͵ְ
лл
ͬпĵصлȥ棬ǲܰٷ֮ʵֵģ˴ĵҲδشͨá
ڵһҹ˾ʱ޵Ĺóģ϶ȷĹ˾ΣֵԼΪ
ΪҲǶԵģҵĵӦ˶ʡֻߣһиʶҵĵط
뷨ְ浽˼㣬ȴǵȵӷ֮󣬳βŶ÷ʡ֡˱ͺ֪Ҳθеա
ͲƽȵġƽȣͲСʲáĳ˶ͬĹõͬ۲ǡ
Щ޶ȳˣǴüתˣ˭ܳΪҵٶԹ˾˵߶ɻȱվܹߵԼܶԹ˾ٹףԽɹԱǳ裬ͷɣҲǸ˵ˡ
Σһé®Ͷй˾Ĳ񣬹˾֮ΪҪǳΡŽ˾£˵ˣЧ̸ϵˣжôıȥ۹˾Ӫأ
ȻҲҵҴ󵨲һԱȫ̸ıӪơÿϳһıʱܻῴԱǳģĽּʡ
ͷ£ԵУҲһͬ壬ȻǱٵĿȻϿ֮һƽ⡣ܹҵԱȻһ˲ţĶŲ֮ء
ôһҹ˾ԼʾӭԸ˵Ҫ㡹أѾһӣֻص̤ԭ㣬Ҳ̬㣬һΣҪһѩǰܡǣɼ޷Ӯκ
뿪˾ҵģγĵվȥʱһϰӺס
ⲻС𣿡
˵ϰ壬Ϊ˴װȻҲǴװͱʾϰ塣ְеĳҲװ
˵ɲɣ˾ǳεһݹʱͬ¡
ֻ֣ǵǴͷڼ䣬ǾԱˣҲǸʶʱٮٮߡ
Үιʸ
ҿԷա
มࡣ㻹ǵҡ
δְѹꡣʸȻһЦ
Ȼ֮ͬоְӡ̵ġ
Էûж⣬ֻ⻰Ȼ˳εʹ
㻹ǡ
԰ȥҪع˾ϰӱˣæ졣
ǰɵڽޣʸ󻹿Ƕôáʵ˹Ȼռơ
һβɵѿڶ
ͦ𾢵
ʸԣ¶ı顣
ô˵֣
ǳԼԷĽԷ뵱ȻҲôʡ
ҡ
£ʸǲ³ԭɡڳǸHello Workʮۡ
Ϊصͷȥͷ㱻ʸһġ
Ҫǲʱ䣬ȥȱȰɣþò
ƾܷԵԼûֻõͷ
ͽҵһȵ꣬˸ϣߵѡڵλ
ι֮ǰΪʲôְ
һ£ʸͲܻġ
ѵһ𰾹ǴޣҿҲûʲô⣬û뵽һӾʹְˡ
šǣڹʵӦòá
ż¶ѣô԰ɣ
㹻飬㲻
ڽĲڶ֮ʸҲټˡǱ˴˶֪һ㣬˵Ҳ˹˼ɡ
ôһҲʹ졣
ÿ춼ýֺͷҲ֪Լһֱ˲˼һء
СֻԼ
ʸط
Ҳһ˱ñҡءܳ궼ĻɲŵҲе㳤ɡ֮һƱļһҲˡ
ɲźͲɲšʸô˵β룬Լ㲻ñڳɲŵһء⵹Ǻ⡣
㵱ʱҪǼȥҾὥѾҮʵ˵ҵڻ벻͸Ϊʲôְˡ
ʵ
ΪұԴֿΪҲ֪Լëڹ֮ǰýĥ֪ԼӦӰЩĥ
һļһȴҪöһ۹ʵû¡Ҿô
֪ⱲӿܲαϾҶʸұס
СƼ˾ͿʼɣǲԱҪĹ
Ծ⻰Ҳ˵ѡʸһЦ
ʲôţǼⰡ㡣
Ժܺڰ
ԼĹûԭҲһҵļλʵʽģҲ֪ҹģϵ̣һ䵽ҵţȲҲ󻭡û취ʵͷ˾жʺϸҵ˵ʲôأԼͬ⹫˾Žϰġ
ʸЦεһ⡣
Ϊ˻飬ƵӦݵʸ֮ͬעĿôʺҵ񣬳ҲΪʸ˾ҵ
ΪҵĵԸ
ôõĴѧҲûһƳĻҵһ־Ըɡ
ʸֿЦ
ǻеϵģҵƲǵչ̨˶Σ־Ը˾Ĺģ˺üףûһҵƲҪڶңֻġ
ζ飬Ǽ乫˾ֻѡҵʱҲΪԼ߱е֪ʶеơ
һԼĹгɾ͸𣿡
ʵúְĹ滮Ƶء
ʸ٩
Ʋɾ͸вۣԼֻѹһֶΰˡҪӣҪȶ룬ҪȫȺûȤҲҪǮԹֻһȤĽǱϣҾͺúøɣҪĴ湶ұ˾ԿĻҡ
˲𡣡
ȻȻ³仰ʸΪЦ
ңţʱܻгɾ͸УҲ塣ھͰԼλһҵƵҵ񡻣Ǿҵ˵˿ǮҲر˳֣ʱͻһˬȡ
ԭ
أ㡭ҵô
ʸĻ˼̹Լһ롣
ţʵһֱҹ
֮ǰڸ
ӣθȣֻôۣ
ʵ˵һе㸴ӵĲҪŲСʱҰæûչӲа취ϰŹˣҶڹҹʱ׬Ǯá
ףòΪҪչŴǵ
ûϻش𣬷ʸΪĬˡ
ԭ찡ࡣҲѹˣѹ֮ǰչҲе֢֡
ʸѿ˵֢֣һ
ȥشҹҺ⡣ǶĿƵİɣ
ҶĿƣҴѧʱġøʵˣ㿴
ֱۣϱ۵ļ⣬ʸͷġ
ǿڹ˼°
а˰ɡҹġ
Ҳ̫ˡ⹤ҲôɣҪңһݶŲˡʱĹǲġ
һҵùġ
ٱʱʸôԳ˵
ļᶨʧȺС֪Լȥδӵ˲ев룬һҲûˡҲû緽ʽ
֮£εĲǶܵĹ
ְ֮󣬿հ׵һ롣
ĸ׵Ĳóɡ




صӲĽŲߵӭӡ
ˡ
ÿνְԺصңӶ˵ǡˡԽΡ
ڵֻϸ˵ûٴ졣ǰ֪˵ʱٴҲҪġ
ƽԻסһļ˶ԣҲǾϵĥģԳһԸżලӷҩͻȴôԸ˵ĳֵͨ߸оеУѧ׶˼ϵϰ൱ûкСʱǰġ
סһҾǲ֪֮轡ʱôģ˶գԽܡ
ʸҲڵ绰һô˵ԣڸ׳˶ҩ⣬ǱŲĸ˵Ҳٶ𱸡
Ҫƽ̬ȥ衣
ڸ׺͵ܵЩ¡Щ£ʸȷĹ滮ŰӹͨĹָ˳ΣΪܹʤΰɡ
˵Ҳʾ϶һûһѾʮ꣬һδ˽⣬Ҫеĸ΢ӶȷӦԣɲһ׵¡
ֻ˵û飬û顣ͶൣЩĴʺȥᣬɡ
ְ˳Ķӣһֱο֮ȡģΪľǲʹоѹϸģδʱˡ
֮ǰڴˮվݵĳԼĹɿվݡĴ򹤵ӣҪнˮȥšƲҲ첻ҲɡЩǮȥԺֱ֣һվݣ֪ĸһֱǮӷȻ
ӿճƷҲУֻڵӦҲʹ˸еͰˡΪרҵһҲʾҪȥȴ˵ֻȥ㵽ͷҿӦֳ֮еļ֡
óһȥˣͻᷢѾ˵ĶüãʱƱزݣ˵гΰѹȥķҲһһǣӲŲɷ͡
֮󣬳ڸǮʱضѡڼķݣģһҵȶְҪĸ
Σϴ
ŴһΣ컹Ҫȥԡ

ƽԾɼ֣
࣬Ѿմˡ׳ҪϴӺҸ»лաϴþá
ðɺðɡ
һϴ̨һװףȻѳӽϴ˳Ҳѵ㡣ͷȥ׹ʱȴѾװһˡȣϰڼֻHanesİTĽǿȥ
Ҳȥ·
Ҫʱٻͺáڼ鷳
ǡ
ʱòȡоֹѾˡ㵱Ǹ˰Сκθı䡣
һǳף¶ǳе¡
裬ҩû
һȥHello WorkǰҩڷϣԼԡ
ˡ
ͲһƳͷȻܽҩǡ
㲻ء
԰
ϵ˺۹Ȼûʧ·ϿͼƬǸԪĺۼӵһޣصġ
ϵѾʼ䣬ʱԻһ̨ɹ·ȥʱҲ⡣ҺãŮԶ࣬䶼ɹڣǼʹҲͬųñӣӵװ翴㲻ô֣ᷢҲΪӵ˺ۣſʼ۲ģ
ǩȥޡ
ڸװôļǩԼ֡ԴӸҰҽʦסԺ֮Ż֮ڷҩƺˡ
ֻҩҰҽʦͣһҩˣ
ҪȵԺתʱŻμ˿ɼӵ״롸תúԶҩȷʵֻǡС˼ѡ
ʸҲڵ绰ô͡
ΰѽҽʦ˵һֽϣڳǽ۵ĵطͷĶ̣ǵӾҩӶȷãҡסԺĶǿҲ
裬ȥҵû֪ͨ¾ͽҡ
뵽ӼʹĲ࣬ȴԲԶӵº͹ӾһҲľͬ£Լĵ衣
˿̵ĳΣ޷еĲ߳ܡ

߽Լķ䣬δ򿪵ԡ
Hello Work⣬ӪԴ˾Ҳ·ṩŷΪ·εȻҲ¼Լ
ֻûûϢ
Hello Workҳǰδù˼䡹ҳ档֪ҳ淢ѶϢ͵Ͷʡĵȥ
ҳñʽΪߡĽָ̡͡ѯʡ֡ʹߵĸ롣һԵĸעԡߡ͡Ľָ̡Ϊּǲظġ
ѡˡߡȻظͲȷĸʡΨһĵ䣬һԼûõַ

ּĳĳHello WorkְԱ
ҪͶ߶ĳĳHello WorkְԱ
ְԱĳĳԴʿ̣̬˷
ְԱڣڵְԸܴ죬Ҳʹ˲۸Сϣλܶ࿼ڵ飬ƴ
ҸΪĳĳʺڵһ߾ѯҵ
ĳĳԱָƸԱķ̬ȡ
ʹ߾

ͳѶϢ󣬳һбαϡ
˶Գεк̬ȣôܵĳ̶֮ڣ˿ֵ첱Ӵ֣ˡܵ˲Ĵ
βҲֻ֣ҪǸΪڹ̨ܵϵĹԱһڵԹףϰջһпá
ĹλյͶߣ֪δᴫﵽϲ֯͹ˡ
ְԱŭ˺ܶ࣬ⲻ˽ԹοѶϢ͵Ļ棬ԼĽڡ
˵ôȷʵгһڶĳУʸӼ֮˵õйҲʵ
ֻ˵ʱ̫ɣ߶ְԱáְԱѾãߵͷֻһйƫƫڽܵʸӵĴ̼ǰߵĻǰߵϸãΪ˵ʹȨҲ
Ŀлһ˿ӶΪԼǷʹȨ⹫˽Ϊ
ˡ
ɲĸоʰʰС
ְԱһ辵ɡ׻˵ƽ£ҹĲ˵Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪβ֪ԼʲôҵŬԲίˣǶְԱһ



Σôûʵģ
ڹأüͬ¶ġ
ҵò˳𣿡
Сڵǣ⻰ȫ޹˼ɣҲóεࡣίĹǹȻҲֵøлһˡ
԰ҲѧҵĴ壬Ϻѻ
ҵ٩Цһòƽոյµİ͡
Hello WorkֻܵΪȥԱڿҵġ
ҵλҲж࣬ǲŲ
ҲҲһǻ¡
װʡ
ְֶģͷнĹʻ͡ԽãǮԽ졣
ϸ£ĴѾһԲˡ
˵Ҳǣ㵱򹤣ǮＱá
ʸӽиܵܵһԲΪĸײſԶõļҲػԲκͬͶôһĿɼʸڵʱѾ߱൱
βɵԼϽƱ죬ͬʱҲΪԼٳҲĽʱҲ룬ɴӺȥڹһأõĹȥְ
ĿѴɣҪ治ɫ°ԲӰȻҪ׼ڰԲĴٴһ꣬㣬ӦÿԴ浽
ΪڳڿٴǮݹؼְ񾹳۵˵ҪȵӵĲת˵ʹһֳ롣
һЩ£һʹ̰͡ʱһͬ³
ˣͷչ֮󵽰칫ȥһˡ
ͷָӹ̽һеȵĸˣֳѲӣݾʱ˵ǡеĴ塹
βǹ̶Ĺֻ࣬ʱְ񻹲ᱻ
֣ʲô𣿡
Ļţ˶Цˡ
Ҫϵɱֳˡ
԰ʱҲûѵͷɰɡ
ֱչΪֹζ

չ֮󣬹ǳȺصݴɵĹ˾ѹ߹λڸһ¹꿨͸Իؼҡ
Ҳϱ򿨣Ȼ߽칫ڵһݡ
ˣ䡭
칫һơƶǴڷļ̧ͷϵǹͷ
ࡣʱأ
֮ǰˡ
ŶСͦһһ۵ġ
ڹ˾ϰʱŻβɵóԾһһۣô˵
Щ˾Ͳ򿨣Ѹϰ̸Ҳڹʱ֮ڣ̵㹤ʡ
հ˲룬Ӧû˶ʱ䡣
ͿԿطݵĸԡǸĸ̵úðɡ
˵һһۻطݣҲôݹףЩӣһ䣬ʵظеˡΪĸס
ʱͷԱǿմҳɳһҲԴֵ̿λ¡
ʲô¡
ôšҲҪġ
⻰βһͦá
ӹ˾̣֪ɡ
һĸ˾ʳС͹ɷ޹˾ӪҵĿԳаľΪĸ˾Ĺģ󣬵˵˾ڵĴ¥֮£ӹ˾ֻ˼ݣѷʲĺػߣȻڹֳĹʱԵζŨ
ǰ죬Ҹ糤棬ĵǹи˺һӼְˡ˵˲糤Ҳ˵һչ裬ôã࿴
Ŷлл
εлͷȴüͷץץͷ
ȱл㲻öǼ鷳¡
ǣ
糤˵ȥĸ˾ְ
ְĿԣѹû̫⣬ҲҪлʶͷҲ֡
ʵ㣬Ҫǹ˾ϰ࣬ڹؾԱ칫׬ĸ˾ǼҵֻԼˣٸߣҲ͵ѣнˮǨҲͷ͵ö࣬ԼҲֳָӣҪȥ칫
ǡ
˵Щʲôȴ벻˵ʲô
ֻһ˲ĶġԼְȱѾãҵгֳڵԡ
нˮߣǸְԱһƵ£һӶҲְǸô죿
ɱЭ
ǿ˳ε˼ͷȻ
֪ҹ˺ܾãҲ֪ھãһҵܹ˾õĹᡣĸ˾ʮˣʮҲмͥˣнʮԲﳣڻˡ
ǵȻϣҵȻΪȡ
˾ģСͻȻԱְҲ¡ϣǵİֻͨ
ȥӣĸ˾ƶȲı䡣ǱߵĻ˵ֻвȱǮס
ŮְԱŻȶȥҪңǵݣ򲻿ܸһӵġ
νоرȽϿɿĸ˾ӹ˾Ӱޡһֻ߲ʵ׬ʵãΪסˡάֹƷʵȶ˾źĴȻбضйͷԹ˵
Һ糤˵ʽãҲҵĲ¡ҵ˼ǲ뿪أ糤Ҳˣ⻰˵˾ҿǿɡ
ááҿԶ뼸𣿡
ԡ㾡룬²Ǹʱ䰡Իȥˡ
ͷվ𣬳Ҳ

ص·ԹҹβȥӵķҩϽĳһѾǩǱʼδȾʱӡΪüලڵĳһȵӳҩŽԼá
Ҫ򹤵ӣ𴲺ϴ裬°ֻǼԡѺˮ
ĸѾ˯죬δԡֱ߳϶¥
ڴϣȻ˼ŸղŹͷ˵Ļ
ǸְιͷĲ£ָӹصȡôһӡ
Ƕ򹤵ĸоȷʵܺãڡĴˬʺСڣദʮ죬ӵ£ҲΪǵĹϵβŵάסƽ⡣
ҲΪˣɵûɣԼǷǸ¿ָǣ
ͷ飬˳ΪζѧǰǿɲһѧܹܵסġȻѺǴһƬҪؼල֮λӣǻõúء
֪ô˼źá
Ҫиͺˡ
ʱ򣬸˭Ҹף
ва
΢Ĳξϳһʱ䣬𴲡

Ǹ
һͳһͣŰŵףˡԼã֮ʲôӦõ
ʲô£
û¡
һߣξùġû뵽һѵ
лҪ˵˵˲ʹ졣ȻˣͰѻ˵꣡
͡˵Ҫڽ蹫˾ϰ࣬أ
ļҹ˾
ǣڴ򹤵λʡרų·̺ˮľӪģϰ˵ҽȥָӣǹ̼ල֮ࡪ
ʲôЦ
û˵꣬øױһŭȣŵóβһ
ǽнˮ
һǮϴѧɲȥשͷˮģ
˼ңһĽ˾ҲӪ첿𣿳ʱҲҪ˾ҵɣ
ٸһҵΪһ̸ۺӪ̵ľǸרҵģ򹤵ǵλι˾תȥΰ̡㲻ûΣһǸ㹤أְϡ̸
Ҳ湤ˣ㲻Ҫ۹⿴Ǻ𣿰խɣ㲻ǴСͽְҵ޹˲ԷָߵֶƲ˼ң
£Ҳͬ⣡
һеĲ豭ˤڷϣȻӵҩóΡ
ϵ㸺𣡡
ɷͶмӣʱѾŵýסˡ
ʹŭҲҲǳһĥΪˣһҲ˸мǡ
Уһ
ҧŷҧɳӡ
һԸ߼֪ʶԾӣȴԵ۹ȥ׼ƫĵס
̲סùصͬ͸ȡͬһͷǰǿ˷ˡ
ҽԸúദΪǿ˭İæҪЩֹĴҽֹңҵڻڸսءΪ칫ͱȽϸУͷؿΪ˱ңΪ֪ĸ˾칫Կ
ô࣬βѿһͬһ
裬ֻĹ϶ѡԷɡ
ӻţ˵ſʼӡ˼ڣ˿˵
ǵ˵ЩĹúȥһᶮġͻȻû׼һŻ
˭֪
û˼˵ڣĸѹ
ӳ²ͺҩڼ¼ǩűʱԼڶԸײĸм֮顪
ɱԭҪǶֻһһʧˡ
ѵ˵
ֻҸѾܹͷ顣òʱҪ𣿿ڸ곤ḻķϣ
ŸУ̸⻰ǳһ˵Ļ
裬ȥ˯һ¡
Ϊ̸һ̸˯ء
֪˯˶ãαѡ˿ʱ䣬չ硣
Σ𣿡
ʵӦһŴ򿪡
й˾Ķ
һŷӡҵ־ǳǰӦһҽ̡
ѡʱζнʺʹΪһ¼÷ʽΪжϻ׼ǲҹ˾ͶһԱСҵԭҸʣù˾ŷΪԺ̸ԿǳóSPIһ
ҽƲҵε޹أһڣҵȤȻˣһֱ޿ϵѡҵޡ
ӹŷ⣬ָк˼ȫͬѹҪصѳΡ
μæǱԺϸ֪ͨĩעܵڡ
裬ͨ˱ԣǽ¸ȥ̸
̫ˣΡϲ㡣
ԴӷӽЦݵı顣
ֻǱԹأ㲻ûջϲһ̫ڴŶ
Ǻ°㿴Ѿץҹľˡ
ǰԭսҲкý֪ѧѣֻʮˡʮ˹ģĹ˾Ͷⲻ֪ԽС˾Խ߾·ߣҪǼսԸķʱͳɱȥѵûˣΪ˾ģСܸĴúá
ձ۵ѶλԼǡڴ塹ĵһְڴѧʱӦ¼ȡģǸԹHello WorkרԱ˵ǿǵڶӦ¼ȡ
Ȼˣ󵨵ذ⡸ڶӦ¼ȡҲ뿼ƤȥЩѧƴˡ󣬳αѰűԵĹᡪԼûѧְʱμӸֿԵҪ졣



ϣһصңŭҳΡ
ôܳҮ
¥ʱһšһǰ£㽫һСһӡ
Щȫҵ顣
ѡһϲģҶа취Ūȥ
Ǹ̬ȣ̰ѳθëˡ
ʲô˼
ҰѶѧҵȥȥ˵㣡
Ŀáȡ˵ġשͷˮࡹҲΪһԼú߳ζɡ

˵ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҲ
ֲѾ˲㽲ģȥϰһ𾴵˰Ҿǲ֪ҪôԲš
εĺͷһȥ
ȴʱһϸϸѻ˵ˡ
ְǲǣ
ϸþҲΪ֮ȻԾתͷȥӡ
ΣҲҪ֡ˣһǲһеطԣÿν˲ýĻҪȵºŻᷢ˰ңҲ˼ⲻǡ
£ˣȴȥǸԡһУ
ϵļ飬ο
㣬ҪֶҡҪͶ·Լ˵ԣҪǸǸңЩչҵ˵ǸΪ㽲ֻǡҲúõҪԼѿҲ㰡Ʋ
˵˵ţηԼͷǰҪ档
һη·ֹĳĬ֮󡪡
Ҳá
һô˵СüҪ̧ͷȴһߣϴԸƵع
ԣҲ˾ߣͿˣΪҲԼЭҲ㾿ϲϲݹϲǱߵͬ¡֮ǰҵĹҵ棬ͻȻ˵Ҫܼ飬תҲ̫ˡʹΪڴתְ̰ͼݡսһԵסǹ˾ۺóףҲӪҵҵȻ֪صжãЩ¹ҲˣֳҲʱšɹؼලľҪΪôԸðʧ֣ȻϣһΣôߵҵ
ΪʲôЩһʼ˵̲ס
˵˵ȥվ˽һˡұϾͳһЯֽġ
֪ˡһ˾ٻظһ롣лл֡
˵꣬¥ȥҪȥ򹤣ѾȳԹ

أȫΧֱʡ칤ͷʲô
ûУ
֧ᡣ
ˡʵѾ֪
˼ȡЦ
ࡣұΪͷҪܹ˾Ү
᲻ᣬȷʵ濼һ¡
Ⱥٵ׳ϵ࣬ϳǰ׵Ƿβ
ǡҪͷֱô˼
ûнĸ˾ë
УһЩ
ǹ˾˵ǿӹ˾ͷڳŵġ
ͷʽְƣӹ˾糤ԼϲֻжʹͷΣڳʱ
ͷʵҲǱߵݣԶףǱߵ˰Ǯٵĸ˾ߵҺùͷԼҲϲɹصĻ˵νֻĸ˾Щ˳Ա£ȴһ࣬ͷ˳۰ˡȥһҹ˾ٲÿĸ˾ɫӡҪæ
һô๫˾Ļֻ۾룺ͷҲడ
֮󣬹˾Ҫҵ˵ƹʻԻǮͷĻʦǸҵ˲ңǹͷͼ̼ලǿŪһŪһæǾӦˡͷרŸЩ˰
ǡǡ
Ȼ
Ϊʲôҡ
ǼѧǶ֡
ȴʲôѧУѡ
ûĴֹѧĶˡ
һô˵꣬һ˲˵
Сһ֪Ǻ˼ҳϲɣƾǵˮ׼벻ģĸ˾õֻǱ̫һϾܵ
ͷȫûᵽЩ¡
صĻǵһҪԽûˡͷȻ׿ڸˣҲϣܵ֡ƷǶŵù
ô󣬳λû˭佱ԼĶ䡣
ʵҪҲڼҺóһһġʱ㹤һˬʹְúܲȫϽ
ҲۿġۼΪƾġ
ʱһ˴
˺ˣù˾ȥƳΣû˼
Ǿʹ˴ס˹̳߱ȥҲһ
뵽ͷؾᣬûù˾ѹճβˡ
ͬ˵ûҲãķҲãһĴѧҵܰûûŵСľӪ̸µĹ̳а̹ģСҲ͸˵ˡƾεѧļ˲ŶΪ˾⣬ͷǺĸ˾糤Ȼء
ǹͷһжֻδᡣôؽ
ϰ¹ȻȻأô롣



ҽ칫˾յˡ
װϣδеĵ糵Ǽҹ˾ù˾سɱĿѹ͹ͬһأȻڶڣȴʮƫƧңδӼ̻һСʱ
Ұѹص£רԵ֡
μӱʱαǶƫԶɽǶ빫˾ĵ糵վǸСվֻƽ쳵Żͣĵ뾺߱Ƚ٣ŴȥӦ
ӳվ˾Ҫʮҡһ·ϣüװˣҲμԵġǵãҹ˾ŵʮ¡
˹˾αҵȺ򡣵ӦߵʱһʮˡãиŮְԱ˵Խһ㿪ʼɼ̸ʽΪһ飬ǽͬʱԳ
һ볡ʱ쵽ˡóѵɾģʽֻصԴʱֻ
ҺөĻʾżĵ绰롣ĸ״ġ
ԥˡ
ҪҪûԽٻصأǣ֪ԵӾǽ죬ʲôصʱ
߳ҡֻȻšûйҵ绰
ȣѹ绰
ι
ΣΣ裬Բ𡣽Ǵӣ軹Ǵ绰㣬Բ㡣ΣԲ𰡣衣
绰ͷӵڷԵ쳣Ҫֱ˵⣬ȴһصǸٵǸȫȻ
Եʲô£ҿҪˣһٹʮӾͿʼˡ
ҵҩ
ʶץ˵绰
ҩҩôˣ
ˡҶҲô죬ѾԹ緹ˣô죿һֱҲҩĶô죿
侲㣬Աߵĳûҹ
аǶûô죿ΣǲǵȥסԺУô죿һҪסԺô죿
УѾֻšһͷСⶪװɡϴ⡣һֻڵ绰ŭӣһŪã˵Ҫֳɱ¼
ôһΣһҩӦûϵһϻؼҰҡ
ǸҰҽ˵ҩһҪÿ׼ʱԲУȻҪ;ȥסԺǲͺҩѾѷˣҩС
һԶظͬĻͻȻʲô
ھȥҰҽʦǶȥҩͺá
ԣ㲻׼ţ
µǣмʻִգǼҲͻгȥжгҰ·;ԶȥгڽͨҪöִ࣬ڲͺҩ϶ԥؼݳš
ϻȥȹҵ绰һ¾ʹ㡣ԲԳţǶϾĸӹϵ
Եһ䣬ιҵ绰漴˾ߡûзÿ͹̨Աһ칫ҡ
ţ߳һŮְԱǸղ˵ˡ͸ðˡ
˼ǴҪԵΡ
ǣʲô£
ܲһڵڼԣ
ʹǵһ飬ԺܿؼҡйšڶԤʮӺʼôصҵʱҪȵСʱԺ󣬵Ҳƭùӣ˵Χ֮ڡ
ǣһڵ顪
á
ŮְԱͷı˻˰칫ҡڰ칫ְԱǲϵб۴ֻܾѼصͷվſڵȡ
ŮְԱ߻ˡ
ڵ顣
ô¡βģָŮְԱ˵
ԲҼвˣ춼һڼңƫƫںˡȥܲܰҸڵһأ
˽ȥһΣ˺ܳһʱų֡
²˵ûκر˼
õġҪ󣬶Բô鷳ȡҵԺ𣿡
ܸܲļ磬ǸĽоȻȥأ
Ӧǳͬ飬ϧζ첻
лл˵ȽϸӣҲڽ絽ˡ̫ʧĺܱǸҲ²Ǹ
˵꣬һʮȵĴϹ
첽߻ػңԼߡϷ֮ǰԸоʮĸְһͶĺ۹⡣
ϽܵıֻŲܡһ߳أͰȿ񱼣ͬʱóֻؼ
裿ڼң
ڡڼңԣһȥҽԺͺáҼǵ·ôߡ
ѾȡˣϻȥһҪڼңҰҽղŸ˵ˣͺҩСʱųԣģ
⵱Ȼƭӵġҽֶ˳ֻΪסӵĻҡ
ϴ˵ҩˣҪȷá
ôһûϵ
ȷҩʱҩʽҲ׼ҲǽһͷݵҪҽԺǿҩضȷʵǡ
ֳɱΪȫûռʱҩһշݵҩֻ˰շݣˣȻֻǡһ㡹ѡ
ŶҪؼˣʲôҪٶˣһؼҾͺãһؼҾûˣ붫ˣ
谭ҹ
ֲһ¼ȡʮ̸ҮԺлᣡ
ܱ߽ܿȴǿװ
Ҳ϶ȡһԾ군ˣôĲУаֿȥ˵ҪҶľٴңԲԳŶ
ʵǴˣβŹҵ绰ֻרܲ
еվʮӣֻһʱ䡣
صȳȻһгڡ
û
һԿѾóЬϡĲҪȥˡ
ͷߣӾ̱м䡣
һˡ
Բ𰡣ΡԣԲ㡣
ˡ裬ȥϢҩ
˵ʱδ򿪸ĸԷţסˡǶǱС͵ŰҲ
ôϢԡ
Ȱѷʰʰȥһҡ
μתǶĲ״Ҳǡûһ뻹ڹƷȫڵذϣ̤ŵĵطûСһݣȷҩĲˣҲһڷŵ
ͷλصԷʰʵ
裬ʲôƽû𣿡
ƽû
һãȻ˼ңƺѶ̫ߡ
Ժһһ
𴲡緹ְ𴲡𴲡
Ȼһ緹ҩڱǩʱҩڳأ
Ҿʰꡭȥϴ·ɨ
˵˵Ľˡ
뵽ܻ˲ٻҳֻǴĨûгҾ룬һ塭
ã֪ˡǼʰʰɾ֮ȥҡ
Щָʾ뿪ҪҲУֻպ㲻ǲöʱҪֻšֻôԸʽʰ䡣
صվǰҩһ⸽۵ֻǼ󣬲ҪȥҪȥӵж
˵лҳҪɾ
óڷ̨ϣȻʪڲȫɾ֮󣬽ڻȥʱ԰һ
¼̵İڷλú֮ǰвͬƷҲǡóϸΪʹø
ôܿҲѳĶȫ֮⣬Ҳ°ڷš
ҩҪĶٳһپ͵ñȥסԺóɲҰڣøһŪˡǧҸ׵֮ݷţȻٰڻس
ãԣôҪĶҪȷĶأӦòڵʹǻɨӵߺֳż⡪õ
ȻһϷλãҵҩСһ˽ڻس룬ԼΪɨƶ
ǣȵ͹óҩʱһֻҩвɡ
ԣ⡣ӵĲ֮ͬϵ쳣תһʰġ
裡
̴УӲ߳Է
ҵˡ
һȻӹҩС
ҵġ
ϡ㱾֮ŻȥģԲԣ
ֻᡸһ漴
벻ô鷳òȡҲȡˡġ
ŲǡִģһҲ᷸ġҩ
ڱװˮøӡһˮһҩУͬʱ뽫ҩӺȡҩװʱһܽװһװ룬˱ðܽտȷǷѾҩ
Ұóˡҩиҡ
ϵҩУѽͺóԵҩ˳ӰҩȻ俪ˮȥ
סޣҩҪʱڳŶ
һеҩУӿԼҩзŽһУȻڱϵļǩ
ãǸϿʰɣϻΪС͵ءȥ·¥
֮ĸһֱæڣŽлָԭеģνûŰ࣬͵˵㶫һڵ͡
ڳԭǶûԳһ˵



ڶҪ򹤣α˯𴲣ȴͱӽˡԭǼӵһͨ绰ԷָҪΡ
˭
Ǹһʲô˾֡
֪ͨҹʱȡڷﰴ·ֻͨť
ιǳΡ
ôҲû뵽绰ͷľȻǼҽ̵Ĺ˾ŵó˯ȫ
̫ʧˣ£Բ𣡡
ôšղţǹ˾רȡԵɣ˹˾»
ӵĴʮº
˵˵ĲˣðʣղŽӵ绰ĸף
ǡó쳣
εĵǣӵľ״̫ȶ˽ɵ绰Ƭν̸Ϳó
Ҫӵ绰ĸ׵״Ӧûܰ쵽ֻϰڼҵֻĸһˡ
ԭˡǵȻһ
п𣿡
С֮ǰпա
ôңܵǹ˾Ƕ»Ҫ˽һ״
áãԣһ
ҵ绰֮󣬳壬Ҫ¥ȥ
裡û̹ĳҪȥĹ˾һΣ

ʱʱԣοԺĸһ緹ٳš
ڼǩʱ飬ͬĴʱ
Ǽ乫˾ȥð칫ҵţӴͬһλŮְԱ
̫ˣҺһֱڵء
ллܵõλ£һŬ
쵽һңһӡ

˵λר񡣳ξϹлʾϡ
ǰɡ
ר˵߷εļ
ڵһҹ˾ֻ¾ʹְ˵ԭ𣿡
˿ٲȻʽԡֱͦ˼
вԭ޷Ӧ˾ķ룬ԭԼŬϣܼȡʱĽѵ
֮һ඼ְļְάʱְ𣿡
˵ٻҲᱻ˿ġͷɲʱԺ
Уֻһֱû¼ȡԵȷһʱ䣬ҳִܲ۸жǶʱ䣬ҲѣſʼӦҲͬʱҶְԸԽԽϡ
ƺҲط򹤡
ǡԼãԭȱԣŬ
Ŀǰһݼְڹʣҹȴ˰ࡣͶΪʲôôã
Ƚġӣǵôӵ¿ʼ˵ˡ
˵ӣĸ׵˾񲡡ҽʦ֮˵ĸ⻹֢״еأʵϣᾭɱδ졣ĸ׺࣬Ϊһ˶̫ѹűġ˵ֱ״ҲԼǶôԣֻ֪ȴ֪֮ѡҹ乤̣ΪʱнߣԶǮһмʱãصֶͬҺչˣǵĸҾһֱˡ
ôĸ׵ķǡ
˵ǿֻš
ʵйˡ֪޿ɱġ
ĸÿͺ˯ǰҪҩ죬Կʼǰ绰˵ҩŪˡʱѾԹ緹ȴûƽʱҩĵطҩһž˿ֻš
ȵԽ֮ٴֻߣҲ㸸ף
֪һ˶ô룬Ҽ⡣
Բֱר
Ҹ׶ֲ޸ֻ֪ͨڵ绰ĸףʹ;ɥҲҸ״Ϊ
רֻĬĬš
ĸĿֻŷʱоֹϳʱΪҲҩȽţһҲΪ˷ҵԶеǸΣڵ绰ֻһظ˵£Ȼ˵ҪһȥҽԺҩǼҽԺҪȥ㷽㣬ĸмգ״£̫Σˡ룬ҾͻؼȥˡҪ˾˳򣬺Ϊȡԣ֪ʵ̫ʧˡǶԲ𡣡
εͷʾǸ⣬ȴר׷ʣ
ĸôˣ
ҶҩˡһؼʱҵС͵һҪǧ򲻿ԳţѾѳԿóſڵЬϣһҪŰɡҪԽŻؼң˵ݱ޷صĺ
Щҩܵȥأ
ĸ׷ҩϡʱҩзŵϣȴŻԭλĸӻߣ棬нӣȫ¡
˽⡣ˡ˵ҲĲɡ
ʵϸƺΪ̽ʵ
ôӦݹĶ
ӦƴΥʶͻҪı˳򣬾뽫һԸ
ҶҽƲҵһֱûʲô֪ΨһĽӴҽķݾӪҽԺһΣĸ׵ĲϵЩˡԼҪҩҽߡ˾ţҲΪҽռһ
õġ÷ǳ
רصͷ
ҸǷǳ㡣ȻΪŴ˽ҽزҵĶһεӦ֮УĹԭԡȡûһλᣬӦ߲ƽ
ǡҲǡ
δͷȥȻˣΪʲôְҽأ
ȻȡԵȫ˵Ҳʾпɹ٣һҽƲҵ˵ȫʣ׼һ
˵ţר񽫰ԱߵһA4ŷݸΡ
ͬĴ˾޷ṩˣǱĲиȱʹԸ⣬ôǺϣ¼㡣λĹᣬԵأĵнǨнȵȸŵҪ͡ڵҪĸ׵ĲǷǳ࣬ĴԵһ㡣ΣǱ˾ļһЩ˵ļԴȥο࿼ǼٻشҲûϵ
лл
һβžƵרлԼרעǶùˡ
Ҿͻȥúһ룬ٸظ
Ȼվؾһ

ڻس̵ĵ糵ϣȲشǸֽר˵ļдĴȷʵȳԭҪӦְλࡣ
롭ϴǿ
ռĿĸװǸʸҲͬһǲıġ
ǼҽƲҵǻɴ࿿һȥ˵飬ҵĴ϶ã㲻ûʸӽܡ
˵ȴԼְ״ʤҴר̸¿ȷһɾӪĹ˾
ʱͷ롣

صδ˸绰ͷ
ͷҪһݹ˾ļ顣⣬ϣҽЩ˾Ĵ֮࣬ҲһϡдҲԡúÿһ¡
ᵽһ£ͷȻװͿ˵ֱαѾ˵ˡһȺǳˡ
ͷҪȥȡչʱЩļ׼ˡ



񣬳εǰҹ˾ϡ
һǡľʽ硹Ҳǳδ˰깤ҹ˾ʱϵǴľʵӹ˾ҪҵҲĸ˾ļв˵ľʽҲԳĹ̰Щ̰˵رϸɿͷжô֡
һǡ꣩ľƼСҲһȲ۵Ǽҽ̡
̯ڴϣ˺һ
ĩκͳһݼ١һӦ¥塣
⣬α¥ȥ
硣ô磿
ӵıǳԾݼʱͨҪ˯ʮ𴲣һ׼ӵ緹ŵش򿪱ʳġ
緹һԾͺá
ζĸô˵漴ߵңڳһĶ档
֣
һ̧ͷǲҲزסϲá
˵ãԵ뷨Ŷ
꾯棬νøס
ڶˡþڴ򹤵ĵطľǰȥԵҽ̡
һҵҵ飬ٱȽ˫ṩĴ
ľҵ֯ȽϽҪȥװṤҵţǹҵԱҲûôá
нʮԲǨӸҲλҪ١֤Ӱ࣬ԳƵĺôԱ걸йͨȫͨڽ
þڴ򹤵ĵط
õһǹͷдġǣͷдüãз
нʮԲʵٶʮǱعơְһ񣬵ͷ˸ţдšҵ󻭡
ݼ٣ҶݶգԱյ͹ʱҲֻ࣬ǴõĻһ˵ӰѣǳмӰࡣͨڽͲľһ
ôò˵ȥأдĲ⹫˾ĹģῪߵĴ
Ŷ
ιص˵
õĸ˾ԼҵʽھӪʽֽһߵĹضǴľȥϰĹͷʵع˾糤乫˾ĹģĿǶӪӹ˾ĸӹλֻڵĹ˾֯ȫͬ˵ͷʵȥһŴɲӡϾõĹģСֻתḶ́ôѧ˲Ŷ뵽Żô߰ɡ
ƾѧ˼ҿɼ˼жʶƷ͹̬ȡֵð
һĵ˵Żһ
ֻľҲǲ㡣һĹǲʹѧҵȥҵԱġϵֿǲԼƸ͹ˡҿԷҲ㽫һְλȥһֱߵġȻʵҪı֣ҪǱֵúãúܿ졣ϧнʵ̫ˡȷǹҵԱнˮ׼ܿ챻ߪ뿪λôнְҲᳬⷶΧ˾Ϊһ˶нʡ
ŶǶ룬һҾͱȽϲˡ
Ҳˣ͹˾ȶȣľĹģǴöࡣÿҲȴ˺һӣģϱϾ˼ҡ
ǣ˫߶ӡһʣ
һұȽ
ĻûȽҮ
αߴ
ľǡ֮ҿʼҽƺͲ֮Ĺϵ˽һзͷҾÿ԰ˡҲȥҵԱֻнˮʵе͡
ɲҰӵķȡԵ齲
ûʲô˵ģǹصͬºͷƷǹͷܵԸ˵ֵ飬ȥܶ£ҾġڵĴʵûʲôӪԣЧʻĳ̶ȣҲ˵ˡ
ڹ˾֯ɳһ׶ǰ㲻þСܼӹŶ𣿡
šҲΪС˾ֵһ
ǴñȽ㡣
һ˵ֵ꣬
ҿ㲢ֻнˮϣԼѡɣҲ㡣ڵľѧҲûбĹ˾ôˡҪ֪֮һ㹫˾кŻҲľ˵㲢ʲôɶõ˲š
Ҳʵˣ֣Ұ幤Ĵ
һȲľõö࣬ôߡܱһҹ˾нˮԵͰɡ
áˡ
ȫձʶҵľǴáҾѡˡ
ҪǵøľдǸŶ
Ȼ
׵л뿪ҡ
ص䣬ƴֳ߳ܣӲŬдһǸŸľڹ˾ķڲиŲרƬαŷռ˴дΡ
ʾ֭дһƪģ˵ԼΪĸ־ԸΪɸ־ԸԼ޷ܲľĴơ



ǣǵһ˾Լ꣬ҲӲ꣬ڴڶӦеĳΣΪ˴ľʽԱ



ch4.ԭְ

Աֵһϰ࣬ͷгδ˵װ˾ܹŪ·ֱֱ֪ԭˮСѾǸְԱˡ
ݷÿͻʱ򴩸߼һģ˾ϰʱʹһģ·̯¥־ˡ
ͷ˵ξհ죬˼׹רõװ
˾ְܼʮ糤λ൱רĹ̼ල쵼Գλʽ¼ȡ֮󣬴ľʽְԱﵽʮˡ
߳ƹͷ糤ȫǴ̼ලֱණ±ΡȿС
˵Цε˾ʱɱĹͬ£ǻϵȣԶ˰ҹĳ˵ʵףҾͬ̾รȻģ
߽칫ʱλ̼ලҪȥء߹ԣԼͬڳİĵģһ˵šϰߺ־ǰ﹤˴һޡ
칫ʣʹˡǻҳɳȥ̸
ȴ°ҵһ¡ӪԷֳɼרҵľӪͽࡣӪǵ·̻˵ǡĹǸǴ¥ǡüġǾӪרš
Ѳһ𣿡
˼һЦ
㻹ؼ˹β
ҲߵЦˡܹԸ֮صȥһЩ򵥵飬ؼҶһ顣
ͬӪ죬ߴӹ̹ȫءɱƷʣʹõĻеȵȴȫͬۺӪ̻ͬʱӵţľ鼰֪ʶԲͨá
˾һЩ֮ĹءǴľʺǵĹϵʵͬһҵֻʽڲͬҹ˾Ǵüڵι˾ֻǺҲҹ˾ѡ
ÿЦŲ
ΣǶԼ𣬶ǶԴùʡҲһùʳİۺӪ칫˾Ḷ́תһַҲùʣֱӴЩдӪ̽Ӱ
ǴùҵĶλƺأ
ǳа̣Ҳ˵ǹٽ顣Ϊ˸ͷһ㶼֮Ϊùʡר̷ģĹģʵǴľСֻͷĳߡʵͻҲ֪£ղˡ
˵ûвţ˰ġ
ίиùȥʽͨҲǡľʣԼʲҼһ£ҼƲࡣԱյҲǽùʴҽⷽȨûԼ㡣ùתİѾһһ٣ԼӵĹ̷һһ࡭ⶼԺ£ֿ˵ǵӪջҪùʵķ
ΰ⣬ɴùʷĹ̰Ŷȿ۵ٽѼѰɡ
ĸƷ
ߵڰ칫űߵñ񣬴һСŵڲӡС䡹ֵıǩֽ
ţóľ˶пˣһƬ
ڹ˾һɸĴ˶Ūװסʱûĸ㡣УƬϵͷξ
νӹƬԺʽӡţ
ľʽ  ҵ  
۰һ͵Σ
ҡôһӾΣ
䳡ȥԺǱ˾ŵĴƬʱȻҪиһͷΣûҪ̸ġҲ̫ߣͣܲʲôҽ㸺ƣֻĿǰôҵһְ죬Բƾͽйҵ񲿡
һ˹ҵΡ˵˲
ԣϣȥѧһѧƷĶһҪģܶ࿼ʦִ֮գԼǹģС̵ǣûڲȥƸ뽨ʦĸ١ǽӰӻд򽻵רҵ
ε̸ָڹ˾ĴºšħðɣټиĲʦ
㲻עأζԸһĽᣬҲ̸ϻ⣬ǣԼƱ෽Ҫ̡ڻƣһܸĽ顣
ãʱȴӼʿʼѧ𡣡
־͵˸һ䡣
ǣЩĹҪ̿ʼġ
һ취ߴľĻʡﶼǴˣ²Сڣºܶط˷ѡ㿴ܼܲЩ˷ѡ
šûϿԲο
ûӦֱָǽһļ
ǵԵϡ
˾ֻ鴦ͱǩֽ
ǹǶˣ
βСС
ҪԹҵε칫Ʒ빫˾ϲɹһ˵ԣ
Ƕ鴦вô𣿡
̫ˣͷһ嶼õĹҵ񲿣ֱǷ˼ôֽϣģϣͲ֪Ҫϼˣ
ǶITжôϤӴľǱɼһߡ
·Ҳýϡ㶨װ¡

εĵһݲ£ǿСڽĴͼҵȥɹ3CƷһн׹ĸ˵ԣӡȵȵȫܱ豸һŴʽӲһ׹ѧʶ塪ɽֶȡתλϡһǽļϣֻֻֽԣҪһµʱ䡣
ڹ˾ڲ·ȵŵĹģһʱ衣
ζðװӲ壬ֱӰѲɹƷػع˾ȰѵԺϵͳ趨ˣ·ҪٵȸŻã¿ȴҪ·Ĺʵҵſշʱ
ļľϰԼ顢̱͸ഫƱȵȣ൱дĺ鴦ӡɵռ룬ڲ͵б϶бǩӲֽļڡ
Ҫҳʹ͵ԭٵȽȥĹ̼¼ȶԡδ㽫Щļȫɵϣȴֻּļ
ͷΪʲôֻļ
Ŷǹ涨걨ļʱޡ˰ϣ걨ļҪ꣬ϵЩǴù;걨͹ļ̷ϵıʮ꣬ҲûֻȫڴڵļˣֻһЩҪļ
ȻˣҲСϸѧʶʹֲ֮󣬳ξͲһ漴ӽһ·ݵļʼ
Լ͹̱ĵйصĴƱȫһ𣬲ȫҪ˽⴫Ʊж࣬⻨ʱ䡣
鴦ӡļѧʶ弸ȷȡǴƱ͹̱дļ͵˹޸Ĺ
ṉ̀Ӵ򹤵ľУ֪̽гб̱޸ĸ޷⡣ǻ˫ɾȥ棬ʽ޷ȡĴλԪ
ںļĵУһһؽһ·ݵȫȡʱѾ°ʱ䡣
ǳεĵһϰࡣ֪ǳڹĻǵģһ춼ڹ˾Ҳʱ߹̽ʡ
ǸʲôôĹ𣿡
ھڷӹ˰ٵһ¾ͺá
һֲ鴦кβͬĴľԣһ˾̾ĳɹ
ˣͺˡ°ˡ
׶εҵȷʵԸһˣҪһ
ǻһ㡭
Ҳûؼңؼȥ״ɡ
˾εļҲԶȫԻؼҳһ緹ٻϰ࣬ԴҲͬóôԱ̽ĸסνûлؼҳԷֻǴ绰ȥѡ
ҿɲ԰ϴؼң
ļȫתֵ͵ҪıȶԣҪԼ
㣬ֻҪϲйС
öԵϵıûɶһŽδ
ļȫǸС𣿡
԰һ·ݵȫ⡣ļҲŪɵӵСܴأֻװҪؼҵϣӦòװ
ܰѹ˾ļȫɵԵ𣿡
ȫеѣ͹ҵλļǵ棬԰ɣͻǱҲûԻܲܽҲϸõԡľȥĴƱļǿͨͨõԴˡǸ趨ܿ죬ʱŪ
ֻҪӡúÿ鴦Ҳ𣿸Ǹ˾¾ͺá
˵߻˱ɵĵ
ҷ˵һ䣺鴦ѾǳͬӡļӡӾͲһءԲܶࡣ
𣿡
ǰͷ˵ƬϵͷֻǺÿȴҲҪǱʾܻ˵ģ鴦ͷѾˡѾǵռʱõϣֻ۾кܶܶôġŪ㿴֪ˡ



εͨڽͨǼһͻڷ֮ǰӾԶذ飬ߣͲһʱ嶯ȥԿҲУΪ㲻ʹ˱Կס
ԿףĿǰɳһͳθִһݣƽʱϡǴȡ֮뵽ӦԴʩֻΪݳ£Ҳɱ
ңƺ϶ϹġǰͲʹãҲû֪Կ׵¡
νͣ󣬺Ȼһľסں̡˶ǳ˶ġ
Σѵÿ㴩װءϰ
̫̫ȻװһģѾ֪ĳ
Ŷ԰
ݲݵͷ⣬תţȴסӡ
ˣΣ㡣
ʲô£
֪ĺĻ󣬳ξҲЩźɫ˿̸ĵĲͷ
ǲǹֵֹģ
̵ҴŻǵǸСιڵɿֺðɡ
˵ûиое㲻
ͬ̽ڷ磬ĿʸʱҪºЩɼεȷǱˡҲе
νĲأ
θɴתֱͬʱôʵǵʮ֣ѹȸ̫̫ɫһ
ûоˣû˵ɡ
֪Ҫоôܲء
ûѡʱڣǱӲȥμͯģС˸о͸ҲûٽҲڻ˭ܶô
ضſ̫̫ԭءڲͲǸƭСˡ
͡еֵֹġ
ض֢
ֱ˵˵
ɣ͵ſϷҲûá
ֻûҲڷǳ״̬ڵȥﱨ˾ǿеġȷʵǲ
ҡǿû˼
Ȼֻһˡءԭǡһڹ۲谡
̫̫ϳ֪˵ı顣
Ǻã˳æ裬ɱ𣿡
ɱ֣̫̫㵵۾
ֹɱδءôƽȴʱһᾪطŰɡ
˺ҪҪ߾ܵѻˡ
ϴɱʱд顣һ̨ɷãҿͰˡ
ЦһЦֽ˵
ĸԱúŶϣһǿڵΪС¶ָϵ˵緢ִָָ㡭
㡢˼˵Ǻģ
ûаֻϣǶûͺˡè·ߣһܲû¾ͰץؼһƤûͿϰɣֻб̬ĶŰŻôǲǣڵſһϢ°
̫̫ɫһ֪˭
Һ˶е֪ģŰС¡ŶȷͰ赱·ߵСèˣʱԵûҪͶൣЩ㣬һ˶ܸлġҶֻܰϴдȥԽĿѣҲࡣ
㡭飬дЩʲô
ǿװ򶨣̵Ŀȴ¶Ǹ֮⡣
ȷǣѰǼ޹ءЦЦֻ˵ϣһӶû֪ݡҪһ£ʱ߲ţҺҽҲȥϵġ
ʲôʵ
ʻʱ̬ȼУ̫̫Եش˸
ˡ治Ұౣ尡
Щǵ粢̫̫˿̵УƱ
ţôˣڽľһϳĸĽ־ǶĳܲھӰɱеġھӡҲһűɰļӺߡۻͬߡֽӺأ
Ͷˣ̡ǾΪĪе£ȥɣǿۣһɱ˸ô죬һдǡһŻھӸе죬ԿʱǸô졣
ҰֺȾʧ̬ʵĴǸɲǻṇ̃ҲûȨָʹСҺʸӶɽ͵ҵߡȥյ
ȻҲȨץҼҵСèȥŰ
ƲżǴһķʽ֣ԲǽǲǡϾҲԼùݡ͵ˡҰֹȻǸҸİĿԼҲûȥھӼҺȾƵ¶ûǵĶֱӳܻеӦõɡ
̫𣬽Ͳ˼ɵĴˡ

һˡ
һ߽ţŵζ
Ŷţ
ԣףһϰ࡭ΣϲԺţԲԣ
ֱѧʱڣŵȷǳε֮ı˿ζʼϲԿڸҧƬ֮ࡣ
ʹӵʱеߵӵϲãֵøˡңҲẺš
ߵԣڷҩǩʱֻǴ˵绰ؼʹ
ϵѾǩǸȦġ١֡
裬Լǩģ
𣿡
񶨺͸ȥ룬ȫûơ
ûаллǩҲãҲÿ춼з
εĻӦ¶˿ĵı顣
ǰֻʱٽҡ¥ȥŪһ¹˾ļ
ʱӣԼһϲɫεĹ䣬ƺҲӰӵľȶȡ

߽¥Էȴ˸绰㡣
ʱҽֳʸӣϰʱǲֻģһͨȥʱš֮һ䡪˵֪˶ԴĮ˵绰Ӧ
ιʲô£
ңΡ
֪𣿡
ûֻһġп𣿡
һ»ԡ˵һϰ𣿹ϲ
ԭģû뵽
ô֪
ǰ绰ʱ˵ģ˵Ǹ˵Ǽ乫˾ǸС̹˾ֲ̫޳ɣ˼̫Σְ֪񣬴ַǳãͬ⡣ѵôء״òã
ԡȻҲÿ춼ô˳żڳҩúˡϴҲ͵ҩֻֿţ绰ʱԣֻȡԸϻؼҡ
ֵôأ
ѡڵĹ˾ҲڣûˡҰҽϴθ˵ԹԳҩ͵ȥסԺ⻰ء쳬ŵģΪҩҶ˵ҪԼȥҩϳؼңҿԿ׶óˣ㲻ĻῪţһµġ
סԺ±ھ֪˵лɡȻֿ־ҲǿȹԹԳҩţҲ
˵̫̫͸ᵽ
绰ͷʸӵ̽뱸ս״̬
ʲô
αϸذѸղź̫̫ĶԻ˵һݡ
Ŀ֪˲̽ģȥҲû壬ɴ෴ܱǺ˵˵ȥɧҪúá
ʸûӦ˳˼δжϣƺ綨ڰȫΧڡ
ҲԣңҲôһǣõòСóһЧ
Сǵֻè
Ǿͺáһô׵ϰµġ
Щ˶Ǽ룬ѰİˡɱǿҲһţǼҵ˿ڱ̬ĬӣԷ֪Ĵ˼ɡźáǱҲϣЩ˱򽻵
ȻʸӶ̵
ԵأǰżʱҪеشкŶпЧ
βص˵ͷȻԼڽ绰æӦ
ʱűˡӵ
Σֻˣǿ
ԺӲٴ˵Ҳûٴһ¥ΡҰҽʦ˵ܿƷ仯ɵġ
ãȥ㣬ҪԷˡ
ڽͨǰһ̣绰ͷʸӼ̵һͰ
ô
һʵȻָεһϰĸ롣
ţзӿռġڵһȰѹ˾Իû뵽ͷȻй˾һҲûС
С̵ˮ׼Ի֮Ǿͻͬҵһ־ˡ
У֣㡣
ţʲô£
һƽȴ¶һ˿ϲáΰԸе⣬û뵽ԭųͼ˻ֻǼ̫׾Ӷѡ
ϰϣҽܸ˾ĻƣѧǣԺȥʦִա֣Խ²ˣΪڵȰѹ˾ƶȽ
С顣ҪѧǣʱԽ̡пգͰɫ̲ġ
һǿǶôʩƵأҲȫóжô𾢡㲻˳鿼ƶȼʸ֡
ôҲҪͬĹޡ
Ӹпǧ૵Ҳͬ顪뵽ԼףĸѹУȻˡ
ӣԽԼʵǶôܵͥı϶ѪԵϵȴȻ顢粻һˡ۳һԼͥûи飬ֻǲ¼ˣȱٿ˷ϰ԰ˡԼҲ׽ףҲʸͦ࿹
սһĸȨҲΪ˻
ļͥȣ˶ˡǰˣƧְ޲ԼһȭҲ㲻ԼʱǷʲôүƢΪôʹøãΪʵϲûйááģ
þûԺˣúóŶ
ԽԽоӹҲסΪ飬Ǹı仰⡣
ǾͺãΪҺܾûˡ
ԹӽųҩѾñҩóԼͻȥˡ
¥ޡҴ˹»
ʰ꣬˳ڱǩȻ¥



ڶϰ࣬ΰڼҡӰࡹĳɹչʾÿ
ġ
ֻһµϣѰ½ɹƷڡĿƺ͹Ӧ̵ȷʱʾ
ʾСʱ̽өĻ˵
ԭˡȻô㰡
񻹿ԼȥԱϡͻȻҪĹ̻֪Ϊʲô͵ߵḺ́
εѡһϼḺ́
ԭȼලĹڵ׹̻Ҫٹ̻
ม
öөĻѡ
ãȰѹȥ϶ȥӦþܿǰЩ˷˰ɣԺõļҪȽʣµľ͵пʱŪĿǰר
á
ҵҪ죬Ѿּ죬ٶӦûӿɡ
Ȼһ·ݵϾͺĵһ죬ȴһ·ݵϣ֮󻹼Ӱ࣬ͳƱҲ㶨ˡ
ϵĿյͬʲĲɹ깤֪ʶسɱʼǣֻԼʱжΪҪסĶ̫࣬ʼǱһõʹ˵ֲᣬԱʱġ
һݣÿ춼ӰൽҹԱϹ˲뿪칫ңȴҲݵȫϡ˵ǴС浽ĶҲٵġ
ԹػĴñ£̽һݿõϡ
κܿ˸ϣһݲʮҳļͬʱðѼලȫлذ칫ᣬεȻҲϯ
ǹͷָʾĸ̱ʲĲɹϡ
˵һ䣬˾ǾͲԼͬǻˡ
Ҿ˵ɣÿ깤ôʱ䡣㿴Ԥڻһܣ
ҿɲ뱻ֻ깤ļһҲ룬ڼҰ֧Ԯ˼ٴΰ
ڳεĶֻڻǴȴЦһҲ
˵ô̯ǰҲòԼȱ
±³ôһ䣬ֳ̾±߹ʲĵĿлҶ١
ûϵǸȱģԺʱͺáôӦþܼٺܶ˷ѲǡǳϣҪúá
˵꣬תΡ
ҵΣЧʲô뷨𣿡
ͻȻתԼξôɳ

ɵ᰸鷢ˡ
ȣʲĵĿͲֿ֡ڸϽʱҾ뵽Щʲĵʹ÷Χģǻʯ֮ġֲǴȽۿ깤õʲͨ򹤵죬Ƕſ棬ļ¼һ̶ȵĿҲʣ̫ࡣԣҪֶвɹƱ棬лʱĵ۾ͿԽˡһ㣬ҲӦȷˡ
ࡣ㻹ȥʹġ
ණ˿佱
ǣܲÿζ˲Žлɡֻõǵۻһ
ɡ
һ£õ֮ʱһβ㣬˵תʡͻ״ʱ׷ӦҲԡֻǵĲֿڣӲĻʣPVCܣеûһѣ߰㡣
οĲֿĴң˲֪ʱŻõĹͷŲȥҲòԹֳٵʱŰлȻѶѷڹءĲ˵˹Ѻ˷ѾͰ׻ˡ
˵ҲǣǵĲֿû
ණЦץץͷҲ֪òЦŽ飺
룬ǲǸɴֶϣȻ
Ҳãʱ䱦󣬱˷ʱõˡ
þȻʡ
ʲģҵߣͽɡڿƷǾپ
ǵȻֻݼ㣬鲻㡣
Ǿǹҵ񲿵Ĺˡȥ򣬼һġҪɴҸֿ˶ֻѵġ
ǡ
εͷúЦ
һݲ¸ɵòҪȥϽɡǲȥѧˣԹ̱֮ĻдٽԡˣܲõƱࣿ
רƱ壬һá
ãǾȥ򡣡
ôӦˬ졣
һݴ¡
£ΰľֱͦ˼
ҵҪһˡġȥһҪôˡ
εɴ۾ҪӦ
ԼǰűְڵƣڱҪİߵĽɫȷһֵĴ¡

λصʱһѾӵҩҲˡ
һʲôʱҪʼѧǣ
ųԵһ룬һ΢ߵ˵ոá
ŶŶ
ӳҪ׽Ѿڡ֪һֱҪڿΣֻĳ鲻
˾˵ǰЩҪꡣæ˵
ŶҪæã
һ¡һ°ɡ
Ҫôã
һ¶ʧ顣
ҲգѧҪרĲżǵסпٸҡ
ӵİ֣ϴˮȺˡ
źһתԡȥܻɷ׼ûϴ˳һֿտյ߿ǱӰԵЩį
ȵԡﴫˮ㻻˵Ļˡ
ΣҸ˵
һܽͳ顣
һǿαͽʦĿָϣָѾ˺üűȻǳһȶˡ
Ÿְֽ꣬ôءæɱ
η¿ӣЦ
ģҲҲҸ˵ǸɡҰȴôá
ӵͷ鱾ջشУ߻Է˳ҪŻسһԭλ
ξüʵҸġҪ֮£Ҽ˵Բ֡
ɵôԼβȤЩ֮ǰеھҲһȺ޺ˡ
ʸӿеĸףǸֻҵˡһ˵һҲǸ۹⡢ΪĴҲ˵
ȴͬҲԭΪΣҪȥЩĻˣҲ޷ЩĴ޶áֻҪסһ죬ӾҪΪһھ¶̧ͷ
ӵĴڸ̫֮һôӵġΪҪΪԼĲôһˣĬĬ˵裬Ϲ˿Ϊ˲üڲжգԼھɥй˽ʮ꣬⻹
Բһּǿ᲻͵ˡ
ϴ䷿ӣйҲν뿪һطȥɡΪ衣
˵ԸʱһǷһˬͷأ

صϰԵش򿪵ԣҲѴл˰칫ģʽ
Ҫˣ𡭡
ûиָʾֻ
Ǿ͹Ұ̵ְгˡ

˽ĳѧҵĿƣ
Ӧ¼ȡȴֻ
Ҳڶݹ򹤳һ꣨ûûԣ
ĸ׻֢
ͬʱڴľҹ
ҹͬʱְ
Լ󣬴ľתΪְ
ͬʱҽڶͣ
Ƚѡľ

ҪҪһѧˡ
αƵһ㣬νıɺɫ
ڶ͵Լ˼ˡ
ĸǸ˵ļͥأ빤޹ء
ֵÿ϶صӦǡ
ȥǳӪҹࡣֽõΪ֡
ۺǡеѧҶľӪ칤Ȥ
ǸҵʲôҪһ㡭
۶Ҫᣬ˵ҲӵģȱٹͨҲС
κȻ뵽ҹ˾⣬ڵҪҵԱǹˣһͬʵĹ̬ͨȾҪĻ
һǸ֤־ڰ׼˶׼߱Ͳѧ߷ӹߡѧҲиһȵģ˳ٳٲʵ
ʹڴľ֮ǷƫҲûʧֻΪ׬ǮĶǿңŰʵ˸иĬĬȥ͹صͬ²̸ཻһֻǵطָʾ
ͷߡṤУγһԵĶԱȣǹصͬǿʼġ
ȴʵɰС˲
˵Լֹûһ˿֮ƭ˵ģǣȴҲЩе͵ġֹ̹ʵؿ϶εĹ֡
ʵΪԼǲͬҲţһҪ
ͬǴȴֱܰ˳ġǽ˳ΣֻΪ׬ǮʱҲʼóȤ
¡ɧȻǵĹҸ档
˽죬νʵиζһֽ档
һʼûƫ𣿡Ҷƨˡ
βͷ˾Ҫڡҵ񲿡ļѪЩ칫ľѲŰڹصͻ
ûƫҲᱻСģӪúܸߣſļ˰ɡ
ʱвɲ
һ¡һµһ¡
빤ͷô˵ġڵ˼·ƫϰҪŶ

ġ

ͷô˵ġ
Ȼˡ
½ĿƵڶ͵㡣ȫǲòϵʵĮҲĨǵĴڡ

Ӧ¼ȡȴֻ
Ҳڶݹ򹤳һ꣨ûûԣ

㲻ǹؼ
ĿתضŵөĻ
ϰҪ󲢲ǮȥιѪͳõ±ȻԳΪ׼ҲʾҪĴȿεĸá
á
¿һݿհļд᰸顣



лӦҵ
ڶӦ졢壬ӭӦ
¼ȡ֤ΪְԱ

᰸ı⣬øЦ
ģ¼¼Ҳ˵л
ܺãͷϲ͵͵ﻶһ漴ͣ
Ƚ԰ÿҹ˾ӦҵֻǲˣԼͳƿͬˣǱҵܾȴڴ򹤶յˣһܶࡣ
Ī䵽ײǺָܣٲҲãҲãնΪ۳ԿڹڣȴҲҲĹĻᡪʱôҪһλᡣ
һѧıҵյѡᣬʣɸѧӦҵȥѡΪ˼εߵȷᣬ˷Ѽʮţ˴ⲻھɥΪֹʱ仹ᱻΪ衣
統ʱ˴лӦҵĿںţ΢С˾ҲضɱΪ֪⹫˾ҪľǷӦҵ򹤶աѧն֤ûŵ
ϸʹдֻȰԼ뵽¼ȡʸ
һ𣿡
ζȻؿ᰸顣

ڹֳ¡

ѧͶ׼ҸʱҲУֻΪнˮͷ̸ְʱҪѾصĴ죬һᵱܾҪƫ̬ǵֳȥĥһĥõġ
²𣿡
ȷʵ
ȷŵ
¿һ̾͹ȥˣѱûĴҵļһӦƾҪ£Ҳʲô°ɣҪֻ̭һʱļһ㹻ӦˣһĹ֮Ҹ¹ô֮ƫ򽾰ӦҲܿ˷ǡΪһľҪ
ĬĬţ˵е
뵽ʲô𣿡
ҪְվһϢ˵ǰҪõԣضôֻͨ·Ϸ
ԭˣֻлõԵļһŻῴϢǰɣ
ȵȾ빤ͷĽֱߵһֽܿд˴˴ſƺ붨˵ġ

ְһҵ
󣺴ѧҵʮʮ꣬һա
ннʮԲӰơ
ÿһμн
ÿν

˾屣ա
ͨȫʹùͨߡ
ݼ٣һݶաա١١ڡн١
ڲʱпڼճ

ԻнĲͬȽͣ
ǵһرߡĵܼӸ
⿴ֽгְʱڵĳξͺԸϰˡ
޺ͲӦҵ㣬ȥ죬ѡʽҲȥ롣
ʱɻҪͷŶ
ΰӦд룬ѡ˼·Уȡϵ
۵ļɣڵһҹ˾ѧ
ְʱܲеĵһվҹΪǶľ̫ңϹ۸أѡڶƷƵվȥѶϢվı༭ҵѶϢиͼƬξûͼѡлӦҵֹͬͼֱ𸽼ѶϢҳҳ棬⡣
Ͷݷʽ֣һվʽֱӷͣӦߵ绰ʵݷʽ;ЩҵһŲ¼ýȡһַʽӦߣһؿ˵ʹϹĵһ塣
ּٳҲҪױдǼҹ˾ĿǳһǰĽ顣
վֱӷʡ£ü¼̣ո񣬰¼ťͺãȿ绰ʱĽţҲдö࣬Ȼ̰ͼɵͬʱѾ̭ˡ͵˻ʲô⣬˽⣬Լʱô鷳ģȫˡӦԽʡ£ϵԽࡣ
˵ˣԼǰ̭ĲϷ
վʽȻ㣬ȴʹ˿деĻ֮ϣȻɿ
ᾭ͵ϵĳΣʶ͵ϵʹ©빤ͷһŰѹء
ƾľĹ˾ģȥɸѡ˲ǷǡЩ˵˾ģСһҲ˵ǵڶӦ״ˣˣһӦҵĻְظЩӦߡһнմѧҵнֱȺƽнԼѡ
ֻҪһ˾͹һϴĸĳΡ
ʲôأξãһܶࡣ
ǣһ𣬴ľѶվϿڡ



绰絽ͣ
һݱţڽӵ绰ͬʱͼ¶Էסַ绰롢ͶԴʱӡһҳɵǼʮ˵ıõҳҲòѲӹصг̣ڰ칫һӵ绰
ţѶϢĵһҪؼµѶϢϿǲöɵѶϢὥҳ·Ӧѯʵĸ߷ֻһ
һ죬绰Ӧжʮͨվ͵Ӧʮ
ڶ죬վҵľ˽ҲĽеȡ
治ˣǺټķӦ
ⷬҲŶԹ˾ģۡ
ǱİдúðǼҵκһװɣ
ڳǰڳμϱı˵
ҲΪǸİʮֶҷء
ҵϿңڳε˼뵱Ĳοɡ
ûԼԭҲǸҵܾûҲְĴ壬ԹְĿ࣬˶ѡȻ糤˵ҪˣҲһ
˻˵
ҵҲӭڶӦְĿں𣿽ӦҵӽӦѡΪ¼ȡӦҵƣνڶӦ졻ְ߸ƴ˰ֻǰæһǿںŲǳߵˡѧرûи߼רҵ֤գһӴɴεȹ񣬶һѧѧְ˵ҲƽһѧӦҵҲ벻缯Ⱥѡʵ˲ţҰѡлӦҵɿںţЩ˵ע⡣
ԭˣ˼
ǵġļӦҵ˲ţںӦܳչ־ĺͳǡ֮⣬ǹ˾ĹģСֱ뾭ĹޣǴӦúкǵ
оú͸ء
ʵǡǷԭҲ糤ķԸдɵġǹ˾ҪģǸһͨѧȴְܴˣܲسڣҪ߱һ㳣ʶ͹Ը˾񵽴ǰңҲϣͬ͵˲ӻԾӦǴ˴ŵ󡣡
뿪ǰҵνӦ¼ȡرǡվ˵ҲҵЧһ

ڶǵѯʵ绰֮½յ
ܵĿڽܹʮżԼжʮͬʱ·Ӧֻ·Ӧ˹ʮڿڽһ죬ζһһ˲¼֪ͨ
ȼдʽǷظʹáֽĥظʹáҺͿĵĹжʮ˷⣬ȫ̭
ĹǺܶడΰЦֱȰЩͶȡɵӦߣְаоĩ˾ͱ͵øǰһŶ
ţӦֻдܵ˾ķչԡµҲ޳ľȻһС˾ûԼҵվ˹¼ϵĵ绰ַ⣬ֻѶϢĹ˾ֿǿǡҵѶСģӪ칤ʹ˸ܵչԣǷչΣЩӦȫûдβǵĳ⡣
޳֮󣬻ʣʮˡ
Ӧдûһ˱ʾϣ̼ලҲΪ˹ҵ񲿶ˣ˾Ĺģʱڹֳչ־ԸҲòǷʵ¼ãѡǶơ
ʣµҪôɸѡء
ҪӹˣҲȻԼĹ͹ƿɳˡ
Ŷʮˣȫԡ
ôʱε۹ͣһϣۡ
ľѧϵ
ǸӦߵѧεļֱʮǧԭȥ̼ලһ
ҡ
Ů
ƬŮ鼫棬ͷ̶һȸߡͳһǶʮꡣ
бҪ˽һ¡
ΰȸóš

Ѳ깤ػ൱á
ΣŪĲֿ򲻴Ҷ⡣
ֿ֮󣬳òɫڵذͨʹװʯҺͻȶȡʱɺǰõ֮ʱŷµĻƷӺſʼѷšΪȷߵͨΰѹ˾һƳ΢һ£Ա˴ںŵʲġ
ҸʵʱֿɣĿǰ͵ǻʲĵĹڡڸҵЩҲҪôҶѿɲǰ취
˵꣬ŵ£α㽫һһƵ輸ȥ
Щ̭ġ
üűΪ¼ȡһ૵̭ôడ
̭ǣ
Щ˲ںĶϰֻ࣬Ҫá¼ȡУԱǹ̬͸ǰҹʱһ衣
ôش𣬴ñЦ
ԭˣе㣬Ҳá
УӦֻдˡܹ˾ķչԡҲ޵ˡûΪʲôܵչԣһ͵
ǣ˽𣿡
У˵ҹ˾Զ֮˲ţ˾ȴôõӦ˴󵨵ŷҸоطչԡ
˺ܴء
ǰɼǴʲô̡
ƾľĹģչ벻Ӧҵɴ๫ԼһȺھûĺ˲šͼáлӦҵĿںǿҵߵĺҲ˲µˡ
Ұ˵һ˵ּҲжĳϿҶȣҲ֪ô
ã
ΰ޷ȡǶʮãȻֳࡣ
һǲ¼ȡ
һָԾе
˸˵дúܺÿ
дúȴ̫˳ǳģһһдġ
ôó
⸱ԣҿ鷨Ρ
ʲô
ͷּͳȷʵ䲻ΰͬ⡣
õļ֣ϸٵʮ⡣
Ϳȫˡһ翪ʼȥšС
̧̧°ͣԶһʾ⡣
һôˣ
Ŷ
ݸá
ежϡ
һ󾪡
ⲻŮ֪Ҫڹް껹Ӧ
Դ˵ţѧʱھͿʼѧ
ҲǣŰͺãڹҵ񲿾͡
͡
̽ȥָӦְ
̼ල
԰ٿѧ
ÿ̧ۣͷ
ѧУܺ𣿡
ǹѧأҪֻѡѧξͷĪˣ˵ѧҲ࣬ѧˣǹ˾Ҳ벻ˣ
еϧŮôලǡĸػֳŮ
ӦҲд˾˲ǡ
ľЩС͹̣һҪŮȨ£ǿɾ޽ˡ
ˣҲ԰ɡ
ôһ仰ȸҲŽС



κþûͰһһڸϵϡ
˾ˣΣ
ôʱ룬ҪᲾǵˡ
ŶǸææһʱѧǡ
Ҳ˵µİ࣬Ρ
һüͷϵ
ޣÿ춼æǺܳʵҲܿ֡ڴŵ¡
Ȼ㴦
ʱȻ糤ȥ̸Ҹֻǰҵˡ
ǰΪְͷöҡһ䣬Ҫˡ
һԵøпǧ
ҪҵҲǸߵ˲ţ糤Ҳ˵ˣҪҸҲĳ̶ȡ˵뷨ﲻͶȡɣҲ֪
Ӧܡ
ô˿͵͵ĸһۡ
ޱ飬سԷϰȴԼҡΣֻǷȺ΢ϸǲġ
ӣıֱˣҡڻֵȾֹûиֻǰһȳֿʹı仯˵ġ
裬Ҫһȥɡ
˵Ӳ̧΢Ц˵ͷ

ԹԷҩ
ʰԼʱ˳㿴˿ϵļȷӲû©κһݡƽգξܻؼҳ緹޷ϻʱҲض绰ȷϣʱԼǩ
ȥϴ룬νңڿӵĳһ棬˵
֣䣿
һ㣬Һûʵġгҩ
ţ֪
᲻ǸҰҽ˵ĲͻϺܾõġ
˵ӵĲʱĳһʼȻصĿ
ȻĩʱȥʸҰҽɡ
á
λش
׼ʱǰ
ӻʱʱһңʱǸȥЩʱ򣬸Ұҽʦֻһ̸꣬ͽˡ
һ죬ҪҽʦǸ̸
ʱ䣬ȻƽʱҪ֮󣬳νŽȥ
״Σ
ʵҰҽʦıء
˵ʵӡǶ˰࣬һ˴ڼ˶еįˡ
β֪ôӦȷȴ޽⡣
ǰھԵĶΪĸ׸ղ˵Ѿûָоˡ
εƺЧˡ
ֻڼʱͻʱĲ죬ڵƽֻʱġ

δȥ
޷ɽ⡣ҲܴǵҲһڼչ
ĸҲ˽һ㡣ҿΪڵľסĿ־̫¡ֻҪסĲָֻܻһ̶ȶˡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪǲңӾͲָܻյģԳζԣⷬһǴ
˵ⲡ鱾ͻȻе򣬵ҲٺתġҾάļҩ
ҽʦл֮󣬳뿪ҡ
ȴӣֿʼҡƵذڶˡǿ񣬲ӿԼɥģ
˼ۡҩͣ
裬벻ȥĵطߣôãǶٻȥ
ڼңҵûȥ緹ȥĳаɡ
θеһɷ𡪡þû׵˽ˡӵҪȴȥ˳вŻؼҡ



﷢£ǻԼĲС
һʼԡ
ÿˡ뵱ؼලλȸڵ졣
ӦԸǴãԱ߸¼Թ̡ضɳѯʶԷĹ
ιѵóɹ˹ΪʲôǵأΪҴӴȥһݹϰ֮Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҪٴְְҾҪ൱ء
ĵһݹһ֪ҵһꡣΪʲôǵأ
Ĵڣгְ𣿡
ⶼǳιȥʹ˿ȡԷĻش
һ뿪󣬳ŶӦߵӡκʹ̿ۡϾͳļ¼
ܿôϸ
ÿԼ¼дݣҡͷ˵
źûȻӦԿšǰû񣻽ŵýͣС̸Ʈƣ˲衢ûȲ裬ԼȲǰ⡭ͬʴݶһ¡
ûǮ˷ѣҪ֮ѡõġоϱŶ
ţ˸˲СҿǾԳŲ˰Ĺޡ
Ҫһѡ˭
ҵ޵˭ء
һΪλǰһҹ˾Ĳǡ
ǳǰùļ뻩ȡ衢ע⡣һĻڿȥԼ࣬ա
Ļһɡ
ҲáȻ࣬Լȱ㵹̹ϵģֻԼҲԴʣҪҸܼҵˣڲŷҪøһ㡣
ҵҲǹ⿿ڲϿҿɿʵҲʺ̸ġСǽ˵ʵڵһ
ʣô죿
ҲûʲôãŰɡ㲻˻л¼ȡ
ǣڶҲУҲѡ
һɫеرСӡ˵ǿڲҵԱĵʼʱĻش緹
ӱҵһֱûְڼ䶼ûҹ𣿡
˵ȫûҹ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪʱšˣԴҹʱ
ɶβûӻȥӦҲࡣ
ŵĿʽŶҳͶģһһ֣Ǹ껹ǽɢˡԱһһҵְţֻʣһ԰ֻûȥκιۣǾȻЦ˵ɣ㻹øǴһйഺ
һǲ۲۵İЦ
֮һꡭڼȥҹְ𣿡
ûȥҡ
ǳԤڵĻش
Ϊʲô
֪ڴ򹤵ĵطϲһŮŮϸ´ְˡΪо˭֪˼ҲûǸ˼һҲžѡۿڸƨȴûһȶְҵôˣҾʹҴææʼҹ
Դһµĺγÿȥ
군ͷѾЦˡ
õģôԾͽеߡٸ硣
ȾС뿪ŵһ̣ҲЦ

ѽҲ˵Ǵ֮ء
Ӧ߾ʣһλˡ
뵱ලȸŮδȥڵְ޷ϰʱԣԱڰС
ҵһ
һǸġиղСӡ
ࡣȻиղСӰ
Ǹûڸװ̸ǿһֱŶʵ˾ֹע⵽ڣҲֻйһ㣬ϸڶ൱֮ܵûеı졣
˽ۣҲͷǡ
ϧ̭һǿϧɴ¼ȡɡ
˻һǿǽҲĴء
ǻԱͿ̨ġŮǸ˲ţͶһؼලҲͿԶӰӣֲ㣬ܶసӶӲˡңܰ﹫˾ƣίǱʹ˵ķþͿʡˡ
ٶ˾ģ󣬶Աȷʵ
ÿһְԱһҪ໨塢Բ
ֲÿ궼࣬ҹȥȥģ·ܴƽ
ò۵Σͷ¼ȡˡüѾα㲻ٿڡ˾ʲ״ȻǴ

˰ȸŮˡ
ų׿װǰĸ⡣ΪŮװȹӡ
ָ̡
ǹһϹȻڳε⼸ԶûκΰĿշУݵļªƺһҲûŮӳԾ
Ҫ
ÿżɽ˵
ظйģֻͨһҲŮרõĲҸЩͬһ𣿡
ԡ
úܿ졣
Ҳر׼ңҸֿһ·Ϳˡ
Ҳ̫׵ʱڰ칫Ҹշõġ
βСĲ졣
ͶĴѧǳãĿǰ֪ҵΪʲôҪôõĻȴ̼ලأ
Ҹ˵ĸءȸԭҲӪһģ൱Ӫ칫˾Ҷѧʱ˾Ҳ͵ˡҺûծ񡭡
̳и׵־
˼ȸ漴ͷǡļͥдȷʵǼ̸ƺ֮еĳŮ
ĸ׺ٻ飬̸ǸǳõˡʱҵܵܺͺС˸̸ǳܣֻ飬ҺҲ˼ȥľѧϵĸ׿˼Լ̸չˣҪҲҪְҵһҵͬĹ
˫ְ֪𣿡
Գεѯʣȸҡͷ
һְ꣬ѾԵˡ
ƾѧ̼ලӦÿȥҸĹ˾ɣ
Ůԣûʵ;תҵûʲô˾ҡĿǰΪֹҶûб¼ȡ
ҲǣŮ˻нͻӵ
üͷֱ۵ҵһӳ
ã̸˽и顣
˵ţֿȥεеϰ£֪ʲô֮١
򿪴ţڻѷǰվ
һʮһԡ
ôݣˣˮҪѵοǴžװȸĵذɳǽġ
ȸԥصϥ£˫ץסǰеһˮȻվֱͬʱƽˮ˦ƵԼļϣޱȡθڹشʱǾôģȸñȳλ˳֡
ã¡
һڵϣȴȲϥأŲ񻬶ؽӶѷŻԭ
һĺڰװϥǺͼ粿մɳӡ
˽ˡ
ñ˵߳ʹɫ
ôԺͲ鶼ˣҪһۣ͵Ϊֹ
ллλ
ȸһϹ뿪ˡ

ô
ȸߺ󣬴ڰ칫ʵ
š
νһᡣ¿װˮһĻʵ̫ʱվöء
ءؼලֻҪͱ˵Ҳһרɣⷽ棬ǵļලǿֱȥôһĴѧһѧѧѧʵӦûǰ;Ҹ㲻ûΪǹ˾µľ֪ʶңиļල˾ƾ̽һͬҵ֮Ҳоơ˵ðһ㣬㻹Ҳûϵļලܿͻ͹ǽӵˡ
ñֱ۳˼һ
ã
ãǴľʽ磬ĳĳ𣿾ۣǾ¼Ը˾ϰôһʮҪ˵˾ǣϴԵͬһַ
ͬĵ绰ͨǵһԵĹԼһл¼ȡΪѾҹ˾¼ˡŵ
ϣᴨƽ25
־ලȸŮǧҶ26
ǧҶҪǰְӵ⣬Ա͹޶ӳһ²ܿʼ
ԭһ˵ĴľһˡǼףοʼ



ch6.ԭҪ

㶨ŵ£οʼʽѧϰҵĹ
ϣҪɴָҪ˼õԻʹ㡣ҵˣΪαͲǸϲ˴򽻵ˡǰΰݷÿͻʱɴôһȥ֮ԼܣҲֻܾ̬ͽߣľ͹˲ˡ
λǷСֻߴõʱɴȥͻ
ᴨޣҵ֮Ӧþͻɵ˰ɡλѧܡ޶ûһ£ξѾĻڴϵʧʱûȥԷĲⷽļɲ㣬ᴨԸ߶Щ
Σ
غθϽУȥݹ۵ֱ
ռ˴ˣҪȥɲ˰ʣ
ξֵؼŹ۱ȻŪ˹˾ơƵĹ˾֮ǰѾŪˡ
Ϊÿһҿͻ˸רõĹ۱ֱ浵Ըù˾ϼһصĴľһʼ㿪ϼУͷҲûȥǷ
Բ𣡡
ˣôİѱ۽㣡
Բʼѧǣ˼С
Ҫҽڣ
αòһ
ϰߣɡԭʱԼῪڣûͱԼ⡣ͻĹ˾Ǵģûʲôɺýȴ޷ȵĺͱս㣬μסͺã
Բ𣡡
õָժóԼҽڵĻëûĵдܴ
۵֮ҪļҪȾõļܷͣȻƵʧһٷλУ˵⵱Ȼ˴õ鷳
οɲ⸱ԡôڷᴨ֮ǰðѰ칫ҵʵȫС
һ
ǡ
ͷɥػصλδҹ˾ϼУֱڱ񵵵ĵһҳüӴĺִһо棺

ȷǷ͸ĳĳ

õĹ۱ڵ꣬һҳֻǷ档һҹ˾ĵͷҲͬľʾ
һγʱӦôŶԡ
ݹ۵ֻǿͻ̧ͷŪܿ졣νӡڡƣȻԼϸǺù˾£á
ú˿ˡ
ãȥ
ʱдĿͻͨѶ¼ɳλ˵ӡı׻ҹ˾ƶͬдֻһ֮δԱʱߵѡ룬ҲԱ߿š
ݹ۵ʵ˴棬ʶغһ
áԺҪע⡣
˵
κ־Ǿͽ֧ͬɫөʣͨѶ¼Ϊҹ˾ϱǣúԱдϡСĻ
ôõ˵ͷǱʾϸ
ᴨҵ񲿱ʱָĽǳΣֻԼýһҵ˵һűֽдЩעڰ칫һǣʱٹͳ
ᴨ󣬺ܿ͸ǴһƬ˵Ըͬһ㣬еĵҲʱ񣬸ɴֻʱ˵ɵغŸ衣
ΣСҲǼһ鱦أȻʶ˵۹⡣
ĹǶԳô˵οɲҾӹ
ô˵ô۹⡣Ķǹͷֻ㷢һѡ
˵һŮģ𣿡
ʱͿһˮСŶ
ǻѧˮʱ
촩Ǹ߼װͷ۾ҲգһءĸԸᴨȫ෴Ǹһһ۵ˣǿɱĶҪֳġ
㽲⻰Ҳ̫ʧˣǿʿúܡ
һ˲˵һʣ
ˣ˵Ůල
԰˵ȥ׾һеģѧܸŶҪ˵ҲԱ죬ѧǹ˾ʮҲδöġ޷ͷᴨͬͷ˵Ҫѧලľʵϣڰ֮ڴﵽලˮ׼ʱ鷳Ҷָ
ãϡ
չͷ˵ȵǧҶĹ˹ľϳȹͬʵḺ́갸Ϲ̵ĳƺ빫˾ͶʱľȣӣҲϣǧҶΪ˾棬ͬҵ



һ°ؼʱߵӭӡôʱʾľȶ״̬û߳أͱʾڵͳڡ
Ұҽʦ˵뿪ڵľסӵĲָֻܻһ̶ȶѡⶰӱѹԴ
ǰڼɵĲ缸꣬ӻҲ¼ְҵ˳ΪʱڼҰɡ
ǣһ̫ϲӳȥǺڰָ׬Ǯࡣӵĸҵö϶ʱҪɷɫǣ⼸꣬רְ״߲ˡ
Ҫиڰ뿪ңԼĵط֪ӵĲ᲻ᷢչôصĳ̶ȣ
ÿӲĸףβ̾ľѳۣ档ʱ͡Ƶӣֻѱȵʱ˽ʮһ˵ݣӲ濴ˡ

ͳ꣬ҸӿʼָÿˡһǸһĽʦ̶ܱ㽫޻ϸĳָ൱Ļ̶ȡ
ȥμӿԣſֱӱˡһˮ׼ǸЩҪǹ˾Ļƣͺ㹻ˡ
һ˵ӵһʸħ֮
ڽʦǸһƿѣƾѧܲס˾ϣȥִգ㿴ܲ뾭ȥϰ
á
òǸƽ־ѵϰ塣ҪȰѲѧ˵

̫ۣǵĲǿζҪͷܻҿյȲ衣
ô
߿󣬳һѵõô𡣸ȻȻѹˡ
Ұҽ˵ֻҪⷿסһͲȫõһ̶ʱֻΪ鲨
𡣲̶ָˡ
У
̲ס
˵̶ָȾͿˡҪôҺ𣿡
һ죬ǳһû뵽ᱻӿ͸ˡ
ǰҲǻЦģ㲻ҪЦӡҪõͱ׼ˡôʹ࣬ǸһʱЦúҸڵЦЦΣֻЦЦıˡ
ΪûжŭһҲԶԡ
ŲΪء˻Ϊ˱˶ܽʮ۸Ϊ˲ǵӹò죬һֱŲ֪ίȫ̡֣ˣ㻹˵˵ڡֻٿЦһЦ
θѹ
㣬ҸҲϣΪ롣ҲҪϲ㣬ҪȬ̶Ⱦ͹ˣôϲ㣿
β֪ֶĶҲȷǷ񵽵״ڡһΪӵĲ顸ͿˡǽԶʧȥ
һûдǻʱ򣬳οʰ˿αվ
ллҲǣٰ֡㡣
롢Ҳ׵κλش𡪡ڳһ֮ǰξҲƵ뿪ҡ



һԤƻǧҶȷᴨһ˾
һ죬ε˾ʱѾڰ칫ſˡǳ絽˾칫ҵŵȻû
۰Ǹ˶ã
һͣһʵȸǸ˰ٵı顣
ʮҡ⣬½ԱϰӦõġ
šǣȽɣЩƷҪ㡣
ο˴ţ˱߽칫ҡ
ǹȫѥߴ֮ǰָġ
ҲҪЩ
ߡΪᴨᱣʱܹһ̣ùʴ졣
˸Ʒߡͷ߳칫ҡ
ĸҡ
α˵ݵĶ¥¥ݿڵķš
ǸС涼Щ֮ġǸ񡣡
ˡⷿŵǡ
ҪһЩδľļԼƽòĶûʲô˻ġ㻻·ʱҲš
á
ᱣյҽȥ졣
ҲĹ
˵˵ҵΣҲôһУ湤ޡ
Цת¥ߣһ˵
ϸĽӵȵ˵Ȼ·޷๤أԼ㵱ǵҲҪȥأʱҾͲԼ㵱ˡ
Ҳأ
ʵڹر糤񵽲칫ġʱڹؼְ˰ɡ̫ˣֹ㵱׻ʳȽϱա
ޣֲá
ǧҶǻȻ򡣼¶⣬ش
ε깤ʱ룬õҲܴ󡣹˾дרѧҵ˲ţͼҪӪȶǲӦҵǸнģľûȤҲҪͷӦɡֳ꣬òӦߴùĲǡ𣿡
⡭ǡ
Ŷ
ȸȻһı飬˵͸ôһˡοЦҡ֣ȴоԼеȡͬŮ佱Գζԣɲǳеġ
û˾֮ǰҲǷϲһεôֻ¹õϲʱڵҶѡ

ظһΡ
˾ĲǹؼලԼලΪ־Ը˶ӲƴȫΪҾãܿ˵۾ҹ˾һȤ
˵Ȼ뵽ʲôһת
˼˵
һҲᡭֻеΪ顣
˵¥µ㡹ξ¥ˡӽŮӸˡ

ʮӣص˰칫ҡ˶æĹأµľʱ䵢飬ȸϾǸװˮҲ治ɫŮգ·Ȼúܡ¥ʱŰȫһСɽߴҪȥõġڹظɻֿտյȥŮԴû취ô㡣
ǳƺ糤Ҫйͷ
Ϊʲô
糤ϲ˼ҽ糤ϲء
ҲΪˣǱεѵû̫ʱȥܹأúܲá̫ˣεȻ˵ڡ
˾ؼලδڣҪֱܣÿһ˸¡̽б䶯Ҳӳ𣿡
⵹νΪʲôලҪΪרһˣѧһ׵̻ȽϺã
ţⷽʽҲλලֱջ±ȣµķʽ͸ԶвͬȻκν׶εḶ́˶ܴɻˮ׼ȼලóǼ蹤̣±ල幤̣ණල깤á
˽֮
ѵڵһҵǱ±ͷҪλලǵ־ͨͨڸ㡣ڽŻԸලȥһλල£ʱͻѧ׵ˡңҪ̼ලҲܸÿһĹ˶档
ţμ˵нյȵ֪ʵ
б𣿡
ɨ
Ϊʲô
Ϊɨ˷ڵĹ
˵索ҵĶ¥λȻ
ÿϰ࣬λɨһ¥¥һûôֻΪø¿ռʱ˲Ӷѡ
ðɣǶ¥ǧҶС㸺ɡɨһ¥ȵľͷǶи䡣
ͷʱǶһޱȵĺ
ѽǡ簲ࡡ
Ƿᴨһ硣
ôˣᴨô
첻ŮҪҺڴԾ
㿴˵ڴɣΰﹾ档Ůְ֮ͣᴨ㵸ģɫˡ
μ棬ǧҶɣǱ絽˾һµǰָ̡
ᴨȥȴ䵭Զԣ
ҿû˵ҵǰأᴨƽΪǰһĽӲӺޣӦͬһڱ¼õĲǡ˾ǰɲǡ
ࡡҪֵô
ͬڵɺ󱲿ĸоáҴӽͻ޵ĽȣǽְλͲͬ
Ҿ֪Ӷ˵ĵһӡ󣬳뵽ǵĻջˡ
˵ôÿ춼ʱϰࣿˣҲɨҲŶ԰ɣ
˼ȫǲںǷҵĴϴ֣û˶ԷᴨЩ¡룬ָһҲ䡣
ûڴɨҽҲֻһкѡ
๤˵ķ£ÿ춼ɨ칫أ㵱ȻҲ
磬ŮĺŶᴨ㵽εıٿߡǳԲ
˺ˣǧҶС㣬㵽ΪֹͺáᴨûְԱŵԱڹؽӴĶǲСڵĺ壬ְԱеһ㳣ʶǷûҪ̫ࡣһҵ֮Ҳûȥأ֪ǧҶСԸԸڼúýһ
⻰ᴨҽ
磬ôң
㽫Ҫҵģϰһ㳣ʶҵǶʱԿԼԼְûൽԽĳ̶ȣǧҶСڴҵ˺ü꣬òˡΪá

ԣǧҶС㣬ˡ
ˡ
ͷ漴ָʾᴨ߸˵
꿨ȥ·ɨңӽԺÿһ죬ǰǽ칫֮ǰҪЩãھȥ
ᴨһ㳯űߵĴӱȥӱǷڹ˸ǵ²ԽȥŻ˰칫ҡ
ôȥɨ¥ɨ֮ҪϹ
칫ȾˡԸලһȥ
õġ
ӦҪ߳칫ʱνס
ǧҶС㡣
ǣ
ᴨһͷԼ򵥣ǻˣˣ˿һֱ죬ԲܸصĴһӾͻˡΪҲԴѧ٣͸úദɡ
˼һʵ
ǲ׽
˵ֱӣɼܿ죬ҲŵɡαҲֱص˵ͷ
ţһ㡣
Ա޹أ
ԸҲйϵ˵޹Ա𣬵Գǿһ棬ĸϽҲ˸˽߷ﶼǴˡ㲻ͺͷᴨ̧̧ܣһӾͻ˽⡣
֪ˡлл㡣
һ׼ľϹ񣬴֮¥
ᴨСӾͲöˣΣһȻɵˣһװɵž˵߾ͻشһƬˡ

úͼලǽ칫ʱضһһʺ񣬵ȵŸһǰء
ô
˼ʱලȫǰˡ
̬еӲҰмලǾᴨͬһ£ӦúܿͻҷᴨҲҪѧһڣܹܲ⿿װɰ졣СӸǧҶСȵ޽ʱͲˡ
ץץͷЦ˵㲻ûһб¡
ȴòΪȻ˵
СӵҲ㣬ŵҲ㣬ɼһʼǹͶˡ
ͻϷ졣ʵǳ
ҵлл
˵㿪ʼѧ˰ɣΣ
øı˻⣬㲻ҲΪЩΪ顣
ŶҰвһʸ̡ܻ˵ж춨ǸΪĿꡣ
ô죿Ҫƴһ𣿡
һѶ̫ˡ˵̶Ⱦ㹻˾ƣԡʦ׿ѧȥҰҲ̲ˡ˵ļǿƾѧȥϿرޣĻƾҵ͸Ͳˡ
ļԿѧ
ǰҰֵ˵ȡǶʱͿȥ
ãǵ㿼ȡ˲ǶȥԽļɡر޲֪ϾͲȥϰ
ڵϵǮͲƽϣȻǴõ硣
ϰʱĿյԶûϵǹ񡣹⿿ַҲ˵ȥ
ãҽȥǧҶСᱣգʱһοڰ칫ҡ
ôش𣬴ûһı˵
ڲġǱߡǰҲǴغۣ
Ȼ·춯ҪùʱɴӴɴùʰҲǳν˾֮Ŭĳɹ֮һһһḷ̌¼ֲᡣ
ùţȻ֪ΪΣ챾ҲҪ⼼ܣȴҪȡ߶ĴѣδⲻľʡһʿҲΪҵεĳ֮

ḡķᴨôһЧҲܿͺ͹شһƬ
ڹأȲҲ³¶ӻԾæǰ൱͡˵ֺ䣬¡
һҪڵˮ̧˾ڸϾͳˡġѷֲᴨ˭ˡ
ᴨദú𣿡
˵Σ㻹ᴨ˼˵ˮ¥̨ȵ¡ء
öԷ٩΢㳣
ô˾ҪӲ
ࡡ˭ǸպһŮ˵ʲôγ桻ԣ𣿡
˭ѧлģγһһŮ
չ򿨣ϲ˳㶺ֳһ
ҪǧҶСעòһЩʶԡ
Ŷֲеħ̹ٵĵᴨߵġ
ǧҶС㾹֣
δ⡣
ᴨȷʵиĽ˵ضþˡ컹һ˵˵ľˡȻСǧ̵úá
Сǧ
԰ڹأȫСǧ
ôȡǳƣ᲻̫˵㣿̲סġ
ᴨҲһϸ̧ȴҲúܡʼء
аҲ̫
ᾭµҪڱ˱¾˱˴˵ľ룬ᴨ˻ĵı¹ȻҪá
һҹ๤ҲϹˡæ򿨣һæңȹ˶߹֮ˡ
ˡ
⡣ڳǰһر࣬Ϊǰ˾ϽΡ
ξ붺һˣҲΪʱİ칫պֻˡ
Сǧ
һͻأײ𣬳̧ͷȥŴС⻬
㡢ô֪
ص˵ġӦò
ɴҿ𡣡
ߴ򿨱˵ǾδƵء
ҲԽСǧ𣿡

һ
ҾͲԣ
˾ôƺһ㡭һ᲻֪ôӦźáȼලҶֱӽҵϾͺãؼϾˡ
źҲ˾𣿡
ȻְͬλϾҸߣǰ
Ǹܳģξúܺ档ڴǴȤҪȥ׷Ҳŵ
һ˵ڷᴨ˽һþˡ
𣿡
ǧҶСĹͰлл㡣ᴨҲˣ;ûϵݺݽѵ
Ĳ֪뼸˵Ǳˡ
°ˣټ
δһϹתܡ
¥ݴִٵĽŲһ¥칫̲סЦ˳



ԼȵĹػ±Ƕȥʱһβ
С峿ϰ࣬ȴſڿͷᴨԳɡǶ
ôˣ
ͣ򿪰ȫñֲʵ̧ͷϾ
а
ǵɡиѾʪֽ䣬ûκ;Ʊ
ԼµװʲôһʱɵÿЦ
Ӱ칫ȥɣ
Ӧа칫ҵĴԿס
μͣȥϨ˻ڶ֧ϣȻһ칫ҡ

ͷᴨֽϣһ˶һߣͷֽԼ΢Ľϸϸ
ǸճõèҲͷ̽һֻèһֻè
ʲôȥ
δ˰칫ҵţᴨСذӱȥڵϡ
Ҫô졭
һǿɫ֣̿ᴨƺҲȾͬ飬һǡ
ôСѧһ
οЦָʾǣ
ǧҶС㣬ȥһֽ䡣ᴨȥüë֪Ķɣ
ǣ
Ӧͬʱ𣬱ᴨͷȥ򵽰칫ҵĽȥװֽ䡣
ƾȥèľ飬֪ɫֻˣΪͱëèСö࣬ҽͶ
еֽ仹ûãʹĽŲ
ëˣ
ᴨûɡͱȫʪˣڻëȫǸɵġνӹëװõֽС
ᴨȥ򿨡ǧҶС㣬һֻһ㡣
ɫɳԼ֡뵽󱲾˴һ棬Сèˣһܴ
ܶչСèء
ţǰһֻ
𣿡
ɳٵء
СͶСѧ꼶ʱʸһ񵽵ġȻ߳ǲСؼңȴԼ᲻ýҺҲ۰С
ڼ䣬è˲ĥҲӰᣬһο塣
ȵû𣿡
ʡ
Ҫǵˡ
ʵԴ𣬽ű˵
ᴨ첻ɨˡȥ̵ůůж٣⼾ӦÿʼˡһûУ͸ƿװˮҪһСţ̡
èʺϺţ̡
˵
ţܻӡҽԺûţյȣȡһӪ볬̲̫ܻרõ̡
˵ţתᴨ
ҪֵġӺá
Կ׸ᴨ
ˡСĵ㡣
빫˾ĳ̣·Ҫʮҡ
ã
ᴨֽסԿף˳ȥ
Ҫôǣ
ڰ칫ȿš˵ֻϻ꣬ǴŻҪȥءʹͷ֮һҸʱȥҽʱһ̡

ʮӺ󣬷ᴨˡ̹Ȼû̡
ţ̣˵ǲɸкҾ͸ˣ
ᴨ˵߽ܽݹ
ţֵӦñ̺áѵô鰡
磬СˣҺϸڵ֣
Ǯ
ãΪҼ񵽵ġ
ҲзݲŶԡ
ô˵Գ
Ҫˣᴨվóһҽȫ̯ȷݣ죡
εǿƿƵ÷ᴨԹԽվݡ
áůůŪȣëСè˯šëöһ㡣
รô磬ҴûɢôǵĹâ
ʲôƨҵļֵֻиղһ˲𣿡
ײᴨһ£Żͷ˵
ǧҶС㣬ţ̡Ҳ¯ӡ
á
һ¥Ĳˮȥ
ţôȣù𣿡
ڲˮﶫңֻҵ˴ˮճʹõ˱ʹõСƽʱֻڳ弴ܿȻÿݲʱŻˮ䣬ν֪þô١
찡ôˮҪôţ̣ˮ𣿡
΢¯
˵һ̨൱ʽ΢¯Աżȳ̱㵱
΢¯ţ̣
˱ͿԡԼӡ
ԭˡ졣
εһţ̣ӷŽ¯УָʾӺѾü¶ǸЩҨιȥ
빤ص˰æʣǷҪɡ
ص칫ʱ˵æʾɡ
СèĽ״ȶʲ١èֻ̫˷á
𣿡
ңҲδֻܵþȡΰ롣

ص칫ңιèţ̣ȴıιȥĶࡣ

δװڴͳ
ǸȥùˮϴһϴҪòι
ã
شٶˮȥ
ܿͻȴšɵһӡͼӦԼġ
һֻι
ιɣֻ֡
µأΰèԼ˺ɫèèȻһֻҪᡣ
ѧ
Žţ̱ȻһǣСèȻСèʼ˱
ۡ
ѵõط̾Եأè̵ٶȱȺèöˡ
УͰеĺèȴֻ˱˼ھͣ£·ʳûˡ
ιȥҲ޼£νɫСèŻصůůëϣϣů֮Զ
֮£è˳ˡһʳֱСԹ˲ɿǡ
СèŽֽУǰ
ࡣСè
½ĹǶΧ
ڹ˾ſڼ񵽵ġ
ô˰ôССһﶪͷǡ
ĳСè˺ǵ֮顣
ˣᴨǧҶСҲȥ·ɡչСè
߳칫ң֮Ա

è
úͼලǲԼͬؽеǺ񶼲ᶯ
żǻ˰ССèڹ˾ſڡ
ⳡµϣǻ
ϰʱᴨǧҶ˶ſڲ֪룬ǸӺСѧҺǷֵĲʬ
ʱСèžͱָ˸ɻˡ
ǣôȵû𣿡
ʡβر
ֻӦóŵùɫľ͡
ҲǣҲ
ණϧСè
Թͷм㡭
ӵؿڣû˵꣬ô
ҽڳǸʮ·תʮߣŵӿšԿȥﻨʱ䣬һļӰʱŶ
лл

ɫֻûܳŵҽԺţǱƻСñ佩ӲôŪҲûзӦ
ֻǳŲ
ȥڿյذɡ
õõָʾСèڲֿȡһѲӣߵյصһǿʼڶʪĵ΢¾ںˡ
èССڵضײǰ塣
ӷŻزֿ֮󣬲ߵ칫ҵſڣ洫ɵèèеĺʾĶӶˡ
СǱֵܶһٽˣ
úֺЦԹֻÿ첽ܽˮ䣬ţһΡ
ιţ̣һǵű㡣ֽˮʪɺᴥСèĸţСèܿųϸҺ
ۣˡʱԷˡ

ǰҲôСèҿչ˹
ԭˡ軹𣿡

μ˸΢ЦɵɵذѡҪҲŻ῵ʵͽȻذˡô
ϵƺ³˼֡
ҽԺ࿪ޣҪȥͿȥɡ
˴ߴţЩ顣

һϵ˶пˣҽϳǴľɼ˾ǰǽèܶˡ
ǣֻè˶ǹ˾ǰ
áɫëСĸèȡ𣿡
ûСûȷ˭Ϊˡ
־дɡ顣
أٲ£ǷѪҺ飬èļˡ
е϶ԺǵÿҪһη飬Ҫβȷûм档һչ˾ͶעⱣůӪɡ
ֻŶ󣿡
ҿδһ¡ûݣĿǰֻܺèţ̡
Ȼˡɫֻè֮Сողųġ
ʱ˳èרõĳ̺ƿܹһԲ۸ǳ˵ļۡ
ص˾ʱ䣬˰칫ж⣬æտèι̡ű㡣
๤˵°ʱ̽ӽεҲ

⴫̳ͽͨʻʱ졣һͷᴨҴҵش칫ֽ̽ͷȻסˡ
˳Ĭһᴨʵ
磬ɫһֻ
ûڿյصĽ䣬ȥɣҪ𣿡
ߣᴨɵӦһðںͷĬĬš
ᴨڳԣ˵
ϰʱһֱСèҮ
ߵèĵص㣬󱲶ĬҲǵĺ󷽺ơ
һֻأȥҽ˰ɡ
ţֻ㽡ҽ˵עⱣůӪͺáʱһֱиͣоء
ҮϣСèķһ𽡿󡣡
ᴨֹ۵˵һͷһ룺ᴨⶺ˿ĵĲǸ졣֪ᴨǿּǿֹ棬Ϊǰ
û°࿨ɣУҽ֮ķҪһ¡
ŶҲˣ

ص칫ң˶°࿨ʼʡ
ۣҽô󰡣
̸ƿҮܱˡ
κͷᴨһԡһ˵ʱûг
Ǯˣ֮èȥڱ֮ǰҪ˰ؼչ˲С
ԲסĹԢֹ
ᴨȸЦ
ûϵûϵҴؼҾͺãҼҲ
ǣʱſڣǼ񵽵ģӦǸҪǷᴨǾҡ
è𣿡
ûС
ǻǽҰɡҲϲè
èһ죬ﶼŰؼҵ顣һֻҪչ˵è㲻ƽնڼҵĿ飻Ȼ˾ҲпǰһֻèʱĲ䡣
֮ǰСèȥʱֻ;չˣһҲߣʹ˼ȥҲ޷ҺüеèƷš
Ǽһ˭ҪҲڹ˾ʡֻҪȵֻè顢ſԴߡ
ã
ᴨӵһȣȻֵḧѾ˯Сèһ䡸ҪŶ˵
ˣλˣ
Ҳŵټᴨһ߳˰칫ҡ
㲻°𣿡
ôʵһЦ
ϿҽһͷҪѼӰһСʱ
áߡһЦ˳ССӡ㻬ͷ֮ζͷıưʲô֮ξԼԽԽжˡ
ӰһСʱϰ⡣

Ҳˡ
οպãվ
ҪôСèȥ
ҵĻԷӣҾҲԶŪһЩݲΧȻЩСèӦþͲȥˡ
˵ţߵѷŷϵĽ䣬ҳݲֽĵײıڣ㡣
ҪһȥáСèʱȥӡ
㳵е𣿡
Ҷ̶ţġ
Сèұһ¡
ŴβҪʹЦͷ뱧СèѾܾˡ
ȵСè͸ˡһ׺èȫơԼҲԾԲŲŴҵǰ˵ҪСè
ﳵȥʱСĵ㡣
۰ѼؽèŻУ߻λξϹʱرͣҪΪϵЦݡ

Ȼ󣬾ڳߵ칫ʱ
¥ĽжҲȷʵһ¥ܵĽŲκȻ뵽ղźû¥ĽŲ
ŽŲ¥Ȼϡ
תǺǽߣԾ̧ͷһ˫۾޹
ʣɴ
Ҿ˵ôû¥
ȸִȥ
뵽ϻţҾ͡û취ѹҪҽһϰ࣬ʮӰᵽϣ˵
ҲҸõǻ
ûǿСèʬ壬Ҳ֪Ǻûǲáȴҡҡͷ
Ҳ£ӦǿԲȰ˰ɣҹⲻȥءֲʱ㶼ֻСè֪СèȲ˰ɣ
ˡĹȻǴ¾Ͳ³˵˼ӦˣҪ˼Ūô
ǣѹΪʲôԷأͿްɡ
ֱСèôҾͲ̫ѹ𣿡
ˣˡ
º룬ɫ谵ϵʱľ̫ŪԼͶԷķֽ硣
ʱѾĴ
촽Уȴ
Ǹ档
ۼ˴ǶνŵøϽһ˵
ֻɫıͻˣôҲʲô
ΪӵĲԼͳˡǧ֪İûڡ
ͷᴨ꣬ǶŶӹµȥġǣһֻҲδػ
δֽ䣬èϡ
ȺİɣᴨȻࡡǱΪģȴǾȻһֻ
˵꣬ĵơ
ҵͷԲãѾ벻԰ο˵Ļˣɡ
ðɡҲûؼˡ
վСèŻسλеֽһ
ŲСĵ㣬ͷû°ࡣ
ŵ¥ݣ˴Ųŷɡ
·С

סȴˣ
ղŵ²ܵ𣿡
¹£ξʱֹͣˡ
ܡ
شҲԼġ
ҵļͥҲһЩĸо⣬ʱѾ޷ȡûüһԼһҲҳڹģҶΡҲĲ񻯣Ҫ취Ҫܳܳʱ䣬ĿǰûȨԼڵһλý˵ҽһǸĸͬסһĸ׵Ĳûкתô죿ͷŮӣͬסԸˡ
Ҿ˶졣
˭Ͼ͵ͷ˵ԸɣҵϾͱôһ鷳ȾҪҼ˵͸鷳ˣұˡ
Ծͱɡ
仰ҲƵ
ȴ
Ϊ˲ţξͲ档ȻûзãǾͲ޷ȣһüģ
һŭ𣬰ԶĽŲ
βɵͷ춥۵һȡҹɫУôֱͷȥŵͷŻе˵
㣬Ǹôźã
ֽеèֿʼɵؽ
úúãһ¡
ýڣΰڻξôһͣ΢Сֽ䣬ϻؼҵ·



УһСС۸ӣֻҲᡣ
ԭôҲͬ⣬ǵǳĴߴٽƿСèι̡
èº̵ģȻӵıΪ֮͡
һǼҰֻʱһʹ˾ûҪڳ࣬èųȥͲȫԺܶ˶ˡ㲻δҲҪҲôɡôһھҲ۸ˣ𣿡
ǡһֱڼǺܿ𣿡
ҽʹҽ˵èͷһϰߣһʼͲȥͲͷܵͷˡèô
ȻǾҲν
һѵõһ԰ǻ
ֻ;ڻ̫·ӦûسϰߣСĶֻûֳɵһþС
Ҳԡðɣһӡ
ԤڣӲû̫ķ

Ǹèȡһʱ֣С
СԺӵľ״ֱ̬֮ǰȶһЩΪèҪϣֱӰڼʱôĻź͹µˡ
ı鿪ʶˡ
ҰҽʦҲô˵
ұģ費ʺ
ǰȻӦòɸǡ
һ۰ĶӦÿǲڼҵļįɡ
ոɣҲҪ鹦СڲϣӻῪĵؽСڰ췢Ȥ¡
ҽĶڼע䶼ʱѾʵСˡ
裬ҵҪСˣأ
Сèúܿ졣Ҳ£СѾԳèרõϣҲڼﵽܣֻõòˡ
ۼû̴𻰣֪Ѿ᲻Сˡ
ﲻΣգҲϲǾͼȥ
ι˵ɣҲʵˡ
⡪Ȼ⺢ҲôͷܡôҪֲ
ӳɵ̽̽ɷɫ
ᰡ
һ
Ҿô˼˵ޡ
ǣС˳µسҵĳ
֪עǼҵĺӣȡһֲŶԡӺϧ˵



ֹ֮󣬳ͨ˲Ǽ춨
ᴨҲ˹ޣʽҵ񲿡ųαඩɲ֪̣ᴨѧñȳλ죻ǰѵǣҲԿͻʱٷ
ѾԵ𸱼ලְˡν桹ǻ£Ҳȷʵû棬̬ԳΣóɲ١
Сںòã
żô̽ʣԳֻ˺öСèƬ
Ѿôޡ
ƬȻɳСЦۡ
ÿĶԻ̲סϡ۵׵⣬и߹еɫԼļᶨ
ȻûзĸףǾͲ޷ȡ
ҾȵǼһü
ӾôһȥҪսӡǳĵһսĿԤڵĻҪࡣ
ʱڳӲĹʣͬϰʡԼôнˮԼĴѾԲ
һ죬˸绰㡣
ι㣿ڷ㽲绰𣿡
㰡
Դ֪Ϊèȶʸӽ绰ʱ㲻ͱˡ
ôˣ
ûʲôıԽԽǰˡ
أ
ʸӾûҪĻͲ˵βЦ
˵֮ǰһǮ
ŶǸ
𣿡
绰ͷʸӵЦ⡣
Ͼа
û;
лл㡣
˵꣬ξ͹˵绰

֪ӿȡ˲Ƕһüˡ
Ⱦƺʹӣصڸǰе¥
ʲô£
һ¥βԼԷʸӵķߡ
ʸӳ޺󣬳һžûٽ䣬һȾƺ⣬һֱվŴ
趼ɨýʱ档
һֳءšһڵϡιĶ档
֣
Լˡ
ߡڵϣȻһ
㿴һ¡
һһߡüͷ
һԲǽ֮ǰиҵǮ˵ҪʱܶãҲػ
һɫԽԽ
һԼĴ֪跢֮ʼġȻҪæ
ųһһڴߡϡҲѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǯͷڿϴһ䷿Ӻòã
è֮ö𣿺αٰҡ
ΪʱҪٵ¡
ƽ˵һ졣
֣Ҹ㶼ںھӵ۹⣬ںҲĲˡǲҲѧȥ˼ҵ۹⣬һġ
һֱۣеƲ֡
ܳ嶯ֵʸһͰֳܣôⳡ̸ȫˡƷԴ̼ȴȰ˵
ڵֻдڼŻڣⲻǰСıʣȻӡе衣ʮҶ֪һھӵ۸ֻн֪ǼһȴһֱڱǡҪֻǣһ˵
ˣ
һ
һ䡪ͨʧ⻰˵̫
Ҫ𣿡
һԾƲ֣ڳζȴһϤУԼ۷ȴϹԹԲʱȫֿ
һְָʱᾭΪ˳ζΪԼɶ󶯸λ̫ԼҸӵȱһԼڹҡ
Ϊˣһװ磬ԾӣȴмܲʸӵĴʸӿ˸׵ĵ裬Ҳˡⵡ裬˼ΨһָܹһˡһõŮľ̵ͬǣȴ˷˵Ŭֱзⳡʣ˵ֱӸһ֮žѡ
ϿԿǶôôС
ھͲÿˡĴԽһҵٺصĶйݣԼʮ꣬Ҳȥм복վʮӵ4LDKǧԲͨʱ䶼һ㣬ǰҲһСʱɣǾûʲôˡ
ľͲܶˡ
ڹضˡô˾ﻹסøԶءǹ˾нֻͨҪڽͨ߾Ϳ졣
һףѷֲΪ黹ǲˡ
иӣҸѡ
ҲгǮҴ
ɫһıˡ
ʽϣҪһ俿һҲ峥ķӡԣ֮͸Ұȥ
סˡųһһȴڿϴʱξѾ⽫Ҫĸͬסˡ
㡭𣿵ʱһ˸˴𣿡
붼ûѿڶĻóһŭ
ϰֵɵϡȻҳԺ֡ǮʵҿɲǸûˣԼŶû¹˺ãҪۺӵһ𣿡
ʸӻᾭ˳һĻƺȻڻ
Լ˼η
ǹ˾ĹϵȥңҾͲҲķӡ
˵꣬һվ˵
Ѻޡҵ֮ǰ׼Ƕ
˵һҪӸ㿴֡
Ҳʾػؾϰ֣ͳ˷š



Լ󣬺ķҵˣҲ˳С
ǾȫʱһѰҵ¸㶨¼ҵķ;ɼһ࣬Ҳ԰ѼҾߺƷȫȥûһЩɶҲá
İÿ춼ڸı䣬ѽܳèСҲԵòݣǵ߸ͣ
Ұҽʦҵ£ҰҽʦĵЦ
ܺãΪڸı价ٺòˡڼΣ
Ҫ֮˵ľ񶼺öˡڴʱûԼվڷ￴ҸҰʱûͷӬƵȥ
ճ£ûȡжϡ֪ԼҪУȴ֪Ӻ֡ûͷӬ㶵ȦʱʾΪ˶Ծҵ°ﲻæҲҪ
Ұҽʦ˵ѲµһķӦ
ֱҪʲôԹȥżԹ˵۾ˡ
ԹǸŶԶ໨ǮǾ;ҹ˾æɣĸ
˵꣬ҰҽʦһתŽΡ
룬ҽԺǵ¼ұȽϽ
лл
ӵҩжϣҩðҺСĴڷ塣
һδžȥҽԺˡ
ڻس̵ĳô˵ӳһ
ѽȥҽ𡣡
ȥˣûϵҰҽдҽԺĽء
ӵͷǣȻҪèɰ
ҹ˾ķܵصɨɼҾ˶ɰ죬ֻҪСͺˡ
Ӳĩѽĸס
ⷿ
ֽѻɽ¼ңʸӷĸ߼
ǿ˰ֵĹϵҵôõġǻ˺ܶɶ
ƷȫͶλ֮ǰСÿرڶ¥ĿշָҪŮŮסġǷĶ٣
ȥʰ¥ǵöʱȥС
ָԷڳ嶷ôǵðɣ
裬һŪԡҰɡ
ʸڣչȻһʸӶ÷乤ͶĳʵжƣۣҲʱϢ̤ᷳʱͻʸԼȴһֱߴûͣ
ʸӵָӣҵʹˡֽ佫ɰҹ˾ȡأСҲ㲻ٹؽգ¼Ĵ̽ա
裬ȥɡվǰĳиУҲЩھء
ʸӣûȥ
һҲˡֻ֮кһӲܻˡ裬һ㣬ɡ
ʸЦ˵
ȻҪȥ򣬽Ϲӳ԰ɡ
һڷһֽƼĹֱʱҵɳϢ
Ǹհ¼ҾͰСڼÿ
һȵʲôϵ
ۼһĿæ廰
б㵱꣬ȥҪʲô
Ҷ˵㡣˳Կߡ

ϣȥϴʱʸܵڿӵĳԡ
ڷ䣿
ƽʱ򣬳һҶá
Ӧǰɣһ춼ڱȥġǰҰˡ
ȥġ
G¡£㡣
ʸӲûһ̾ܳҡ
ҵĴ󹤳̲ŽҪϰ˵ʲô
μæȥʱʸѾš֣Ҫȥޡ˺ҵֽš
Ȼޱĳһ
ʲô¡
ʸߵŵĸǰ£ָأͷȥ
֣лл㡣
˵ɵۡһɫ΢죬ȥ
лʲôлš
һû˵꣬˵
´ȥȾƣҴˣ
仰̲סЦ
Ҫ֣ӦӦҲǱҪġãòˡ
˾ľƻᶼȥˣҪ
ʸҲɵЦ˳Ů˺þûôЦһš



ҵ¶𣿡
¼֮һϣϰ;
ǰллġ
˵꣬˸õĿǣ
糵ͨڹȻ鷳ǰһ¾͵ˡ
ǰ̫
һģһ򿪰칫ҵš
Сòã
һʼµģѾɣסʮƵء
֪ǲΪᵽСèʶѿ˵
лл㡣
һ졣ĵǰңôл
Ǹ桻ʱ˵ҲһüʱҺá൱ҲԣܸˡұǸҵֲТˣĻҺܴĿ϶͹Ȼ̫һֱŬڣҲϣУСǼңҲæҪлл㡣
ϹЦˡ
ʲôҲûȫġ
һСҿһ
ʵʶץץͷ
šûŹԡûš
ۼμæ˵
ģɣҼҿɲٶһӣ
ȵܹĸ׺ͼЩ½ʱͬǰϡƽϸЩᾭԽĿѣֻҶЩ˵Ĵ¿ˮʱͬʱҲӻָøá
̲ס롪ѾʮüĶ棬㲻ĿĳТаɡ

fin.



after hoursԭԹ۸

ιæģ̧һˮ

ᴨæŴӿʲģ㿸һˮȥ
٣õˣҪ㿪𣿡
á
ڰˮĹͣ˲ӣԱ߱ܿһ˽ͷٶȡᴨ𿪴ڣˮɰӱԵȥ
ãͣ
ᴨ̧ߴڣ漴ȥȡ
Сϵܣƴװɴֻ
ᴨװȴǰ˻ɹõļпˣû
ûǱ˻ҪǵŶշᴨľķᴨ
һ˵ţᴨһָӡڼпǰĹ˾ơҵʱضпˡ
úúãᴨϵܡ¼ǵȥ칫ңල˵Ҫ㡣
лл
ᴨһϹ

һסլĹأڴͽѿʼУС״ȴʱԷᴨҪ̽һ̽ǷжİӿԽӡ
һûҵԱڹػͦܰæġ
صݰ칫ලЦŴȤ
ǹ˾ҵҪӹظ𣬴󲿷̶ֹءҵԼǿͷˣ鷳ֻҰСæѡ
˻ˣҵͺˡᴨ¶صĹ˶ϵҲؽӵСӣҪʱܻ죬ôڱĹҲлˡ
˵ǵİͻȻ
ô𣿡
ᴨʵʶװҵ˾ͬߣලҲ˳㷢ɧ
B̵İ̾Ȼˮཬˮ
᲻̫ˡ
Ҫع࣬ǸҲˡҪǿϽ֣ԸԸ⡣
ᴨ̽ǰ˵
뽻ǰɣͿýӡ
̫ˡ

ĵ飬Էɫһ䣬˵ɣס
ҵĻȻأ˹˾ӰǷᴨ˾ûϵġ
ǵĸලŮԡʱҲλŮա
Ȼලüͷ
Ů԰أ
ŶʮŰɡ
ලüͷԽԽ
ôᣬ֪вġôң𣿡
ûģڹʱ򣬻ѵҵ֡ҲҲһòһҪˮܣ˵ͳ̧
⼸ƺЧලı鶯ҡˡ
ң˺࣬ڷúܡ
ֲĻȻԽ֪ԽãŵĸӼֵɾʹˡ
ع˾;УڴֻΡλµ˾ᴨḡûԭλ˾ǳ
ǣǷᴨҪع˾
ôˣôá
ߺߺߣǼҹסլİҽӵ㶼зݣ
Ŷһ
ǵǵġ佱һ㡪
˲˲𡣡
Ȼҵ¿ȥװٻȥҵȯ쵽ڣ
绰ͷƺڿЦ
ȥɡǵװƷ
ǴװؾܣµƷǵĹ
ǰҪˣ
ල˵һԼʮˡ
ãǵýǧҶСԼˡҿʱҲҪɡ
һܿġ
ǰ
شʱ͡Լûÿض̸ǧҶҲǷᴨеİ㡣
л
һҵл㱾˵ϼ䡣
һͨ׵ķᴨ㲻̸ʲô



һͨ׵ķᴨᾭʹµʹʱڹޡ
ͬΪ½ְԱ糣ڹһԱ㵱
㣬硪Ŷˣ֪ˡ
ۼӣɫʤ۱磬顣
ƽʱʮִ³ʱ߷ᴨƨɣֲЦһһ۵ģʵںֱ顣
ʲôû뵽ҲŮһ档
ԼҲû뵽ϵıйܣתͷȥúõͣҪϥϵĳ㵱С
Ҫ˵
ͷ
ᴨԭûֻ̫࣬ǿǰرţʡʳֽȫԤϡ
֣ҲˡұϲǸһ㣬СһֲõĲźð
ȻˣҲû취Ҿͳɡ˵䲻˼׶Σᴨѡɻûһ
һݣһռз鱨
ǲҿһע˿쵽֡ϲһ㰡
Ůϲˣ
Ҳǳ˿Ҫôܲأ֪
ŲǱ̫ḡɡ
ûضô䡣ᴨȻ֪Լĺ߲Ź˶졣
ιͷһͣġᴨЦ
ǴӼСèһ֮󡣡
ܺߣȴµйɼʵҲҪһµĶֻѡᴨΪʱҲͱʾᴨûϣˡ
ԣҲûôױ򵹣ʦҲпܷΪʤġ
Ҽ񵽵ġ
ûע⵽ʱҺֻСè
չϻع˾ʱֻСèѾΪ
Һŷһ֪СèȲԲŲǱ
Ӧɺϰɣ
֪ɺϡ
˵ƽȴᴨҲˡ
źۼҾüǿֲ¸Ժܶ顭¡
ļͥЩ״ᴨӹͬ¿˵
Ҿ
ļͥҲе㸴ӣ֪ġ
ȥԣԲŵԱúͼǣ̫ࡣȴǽ̤ʵŬҾҫۡ
һ̿Ѵ
ۼδ¶ϲɫᴨôš

еŮӦҪһƮƮ۵ʲŶ԰ɣģᴨ֪ġеŮȫͬúȤ۲ȥ
ǰһҲȸԾϽ죬ֱŵѧѧڶԻżĵĻ⣬ҲСè䡣֪ҪֻСèƬøģ֮ҲӲ
ְ˽ƺҲûκν
ûŮ̸ʱôӸǿġ
㣬ǲǸöһĻ˰Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɡҪһŻǣְ
ûչԷᴨԲǺϢֻҲ쿴ȥˣ̲ס׼ơ
ɴԼˣ
֣Ұ׳հΰԼ̫ţ鳡׾

Цҡͷı˵š˰ٵ÷ᴨһǶӡ㽲Ҳһ£˵еŮˡ
̬ŵġڵѧôණû˼Щ
ŲΪ¶ʧ֡
˭֪㲻һĻŭߵ
Ųᡣ
ԼֻϹᴨ⡣ӦҪԽԽãôҡźء
Ҳ
̬Ȳ䣬ᴨһǲ֪ôģԼֽ
֪ˡ
Ҿ֪
Ȼ˵ƽֻǿеʹ

磬ð͵
ᴨʼ۲䣬޽֮Ӧҵۺְ޽뿪˹أѧϰҵ̡
ܹ԰ҼලǶ˵ʵɣġ
򿪱㵱Уôͼͬסĸ׻㵱ᴨһɫڳġ
շŵܽĤᴨ˵
ࡣ֪Ҳ
Ǹ
üͷ¶ҲûãүܿġҵĻʶɲٵġ
ְŮһͻƷͷ㰡Ů֮ҲҮ
ǹ˾ŮֻǧҶСһҪȥ˭
ֻ˵һﲡÿ춼Ϊÿ˾͸˵Ļ
ǹˡ
߰Ƿ߿Ц
ҲûǸйԼ
ҪǸʱأ
ܻҮ
ץץͷ˵
ҽ˾֮ǰ壬ɵùҹÿֲҲѼ˷Ϊ룬ҴûʸԼڵһˡǧҶС㡭
˼ôʣͣһ
Ҹպ෴ʵ̳и־Үڿˣϲʱ˼Ѿ־ˡͬˣȻô࣬޵ݣÿοԲλ࣬Ҫǿ̫ҵ۾һϹ
㻹ôŶ
ǰ
ᴨҲ˵Ǹҫ۵ˡ
ֻһ˿ġﲻԼһ㡣
ɣҲ²棬𣿡
Ȼ
ǧҶС棬Ҳǰ
ôѻ⳶ˣᴨ⣬ȴ۾Ц
ţǲûָõѡֻҪһϴĸľͺãû뵽ɹˡǧҶС㶼һб£ҿҲúҫ۰
ͻȻޣᴨ
棿ҿǺġ
Ųֻ㣬úܡ֮ǰĴͬһҳܾðɡ
ΪҿһŮûְɡ
һֱԹԵȥˣҪһɵְٰҲһõģΪҾסȥﶼһۻɾ͡
ıˣĳ΢ʹ
Ҷʱģء˵һѴ˿ģֵʱͺ졪ҼҵĳУһɽ
˺÷Ŷܲˣ
˵˾Ҳűȷᴨһ꣬ڼӡһʱְеĳ𱰣ᴨ˵
ҸͲǼҵСʲôΪʲôͲԼֹݱ䵽ĵزأʵҲѾﵽ˲𣿡
俴ŷᴨܾȡ
ޱֿ÷ᴨӲڡ

û¡
ҡҡͷ
ҲüŶ
⻰˷ᴨ˭û˵ˡ

˲ãˡԭֻͨҪʮӣڵô˵糵
֮ǸһᴨԹ˵糵ϰ鷳ʵúܣ֮ǰ˼ֳν֮ǰҲǲʣֻǷᴨóǿӲųġ
˵ҿζĳ黮ߡ
֪ǲͬܵת䣬ͷᴨ֪̤ĵһ
һСҿһ𣿡
ᴨҪƿ칫ҴʱԼô˵
ͣ˿ŵĶиƽȴЦݡ
˰㡣㲻ҵĲˣȴǸŮˣõҵĶץˣﻹи֣ͥ
Ҫǻ󡪡Ҫǻң̸ˡ
Сè֣ˣС۷˵ʲôһ졹Լò岻ڸ̸Ϳˬ̸Ϊʲôôأ
ûţԡûš
ִ˰٣ǴͷһᴨԽԽͷ˰Լèô
ˣ֪Ϊ̶̼仰ǰŮѾ˼ݡֳŬʱ
ô򵥵ĶԻҪǣʲôһԾʧԶġ
ڷᴨԴȥֳʱֳˡ
ģɣҼҿɲٶһӣ
Ŷ
ᴨͣ˿ŵ֣źһһ۵ػشˣһȵġ
Ȼû˵ˣֻſĽŲ
ᴨһ򿪴š
簲
Ҫŵһ˫ɫ
ַɫҪ㱳˿ɵϡ
ôˣ㣬úŶ
ᴨƣ͸ˡ
û£
װͰ͵شƿᴨ˳ȥ
ô˰
ʵȴҲػشûаͷҲá
˵ǲ滰ġ
ԼСèҲҪ£ɵ̸Ҳ㵽͡һ졹֮Ĳȷ֮ԼԣȴһҪĳŵ˵ġһȡҲֻ˵˵ѡĻȡ
˵ڽʲôشŵ
嵭ˣֻ»ҪȺܾòŻǣԷ֡
˵ᴨ־ԼײһĻƺζԼûʤˡ

嵭ǣһ࣬Ȼ嵭
嵭ᴨȴҲĻᣬֻܱԹߵľ붵ȦӡҪĵȻֻԹߵȴҲ֪ԼҪ࣬ضó֡
ڷᴨʱѾ˳ˡ
ҲǧҶСøලȥˡ
ף䶢өĻϵḺ́
Ըලָලѧϰ̹ʸ֤Ҳ½ȡãһ˵ҪΪල鹤࣬ͻǾɫֻԹ˵ֲ빤̡
ʵѾǸˡලǶźͰ˵ܷ㡣
˾ǰûиȻ
˵ţԴࡣ
ȥˡ
ûʽĹ̼ලԶľơලˣҪලˡ
ά״𣿡
¼ǴලҪǲ̣ܶ˾Ǯ׻ˡЩʸҪʵȥ
ô׻ЩǮ˾ֲᵹʲôϵ
ȴһ
⻰ԲǧҶСǰ
ƺһŭ⡣
Ϊ˵̸˲Ž˾ġ鷳ǹܲţԼӡ
ûô˵ᴨԭ뷴ȴͣסˡ
ά״ʲôϵ⻰Լ˵ǲԸı״Ӹı̫鷳
Բ𡣡
ûϵǧҶСûͺá
˵⻰ʱֱƽʱĺúõ÷ᴨﵽͷȥǷᴨֻұŤ
֮ûʲôΪʲôһԼ·أ
ǧҶС̫Կˣ취·С
֮󣬹һӡ

ǻȫ֧ԮԣǧҶС๤ͻ
ںʹ̸С
ʱǲӣʲôӣ빤ͷӦɡˡ
÷·׵ʧᴨԼλ̿ˮ
磬ðɣ㾹ҽйͷȥﰢ̧Σ
дԳֲĻθලİӻȽ̸ɡ
һĬĬţҲáڣÿˡ
Ρ
һΣֻҪͷһμЧǻ취
ãҾһΡ
ȥоʮȴ
ˡһΪͷ
ȵȥأᴨŸҶô˵ЦЦ
Ϊ¶ҪٰһΣŻ
ǰǰϰƢô
ԴΪٵİܿͽӵ֣ΪǸʱᴨҲڳ
˼ַֻʽ湫˾׬Ǯ
ǼСĹ̰ǴԳĹ̫ʵӰס
ţû취
ֻ˵Щ
ܿԶི仰οɡ
ᴨں氵ӣȴϵ˵οҲıʵ
Į
¶еĲԴȴһǿȭ
ʹң
ҿɲΪҪ˰οǸģٿˣ
ʲôǡ
Ϊ˺Ƕ˼ӰǸġ˭˵Ҫ˰οš
ҸҾɱ㡣ָŷᴨ˿ţȻˡ
űţᴨĿ뿪

ŮĸලҪĹ̾ٶһ㣬Ǿԡ
ǿͻܾı׼˵ĵڶݼ๤һ̸ֱôĹҲβǱǸڵС͹̡
ȥµͷæһˡᴨѲ
磬ôˣ
ܿͻ䣬ŵ÷ᴨɴ۾
Ǳ
ţŪġ
Ūʲôôడ
װͷǻɳ
ȥذһæ
˭Ĺأ
ǵĹء
ȻɫףĴͼ򴦡
ǱҵĴ͹ءֱȥһֳ̽̽ڷ磬˵ʱİӿԷְܼ֡ͨǧҶС㲻л𣿡
˵ˣԭΪ˺͹˴򽻵Ƕһ顣
Ժţð˶п˴߲С
ʯҷ۳ϸ׿·άôĲ
˵ðæĻֻһΡҲ˵˵İҲֻһλᡣ߸;Ǹ߸ͣᴨȲϡ
ҽڵĻǸǲͬ
һûЩ˽һĻ
ϵİοֲʲôֻǱ湤
ҲҪȥܹء
̫ˡҽ˼طûỹҮ
ȻҾҪ˳ˡ૵
֮󣬴úûٴ



ᴨнӵĹסլʱ嵭֮䣬һС仯
ᴨ
칫󲽳ᴨᴨˣΪʱˡһΣֵġ
ԼȥСˣԼһ죡ô죿һȽϺã
ŵû겻ᣬᴨЦ
ң
ΪСҸһİ
˵Ҫֲҡ
ףһġ
ûԼҰӦ˵ֺСèԼȥҿСèʲôġ
ҲҪһȥˣ
ǰԼ㣬Ҫ
ᴨô˵Ѫ˲ϳ壬õ˫աת۱˺ɫ
ȵȣȫеŮҮ
ǡô죿ȥҪʲôźãʲô·ʺϼԷĸ
˼û˵ǴŮѻؼңαôš
ҾϣлԷչȥŻôⰡ
ࡣԭ淢չ
ϻ
Ǿͺá
ҪȻҵ˳ɾͲֵˡ
ʲôǾͺãһķʣᴨֱװ⣬ѻת·ϣϾ¡
ǳɺɫգʱҲڻָǿԳΪɫĳ̶ˡ

fin.





ⲿƷ顣
Ӷڡվ֮Officeʮµ·ءΪ˻ʱ£صذѵʼҳ֪ӽӰԭͼ¡û뵽дס
᰸Ҫǡȫµһ졹͡칫칫¡Ҳ֪༭ϣһϰķܶʷдĶȴһʼ̳µ̫ްˣ治˼ڶ벿ų֣
֮Ұѡȫµһ졹ĳˡɳĹ롣ǵõʱж߱еĵͳոˡ
˵ԼְʱҲûùڶһ궼Ŵ򹤺ǲŹȥȷԼǳ˽澳³ĸо
εķϲԣһǴԼϳġùڶǿһ㡣뵽ҪдϲҾֱҪԼ˵ǺܱҹȥǸϲϣҪдΰʱҲԻع˵£ҾԼԶûᡣ
ͼԼ͵裬Ϊ豾ҪѷҲǺ򵽵ģҲóαšǧ֪İûڡ
һ棬Сǧͷᴨ͡ϣԼܱˣǷᴨصдˡafter hoursԹߵֵǡ

ڻö飬⼴ǵڶִб༭ͬ漱糵Ĵ󵺹ҲȻôͻֺ档ڿ졣һרȡ
ʱÿܶҷ롣һνԭʱ˵Ҷװ֡뷨ԴԴðһڴ
ⱾӦûõʽ͵λǰΪϲãҡ

д  
